Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Patient (n) | 1329 |
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 30 (25–35) |
| BMI (kg m−2), median (IQR) | 23 (22–26) |
| History of urological disease, n (%) | |
| History of varicocele | 10 (0.8) |
| History of cryptorchidism | 24 (1.8) |
| History of hernia surgery | 41 (3.1) |
| History of genitourinary infection | 41 (3.1) |
| History of trauma to testes, n (%) | 22 (1.7) |
| Previous scrotal pain, n (%) | 263 (19.8) |
| Delay to emergency department presentation (h), median (IQR) | 5 (3–11) |
| Delay to surgery (h), median (IQR) | 7 (5–14) |
| Onset of pain, n (%) | |
| Sudden | 1153 (86.8) |
| Insidious | 176 (13.2) |
| Pain intensity (VAS), median (IQR) | 7 (5–9) |
| Side, n (%) | |
| Right | 760 (57.2) |
| Left | 556 (41.8) |
| Bilateral | 13 (1.0) |
| High position of testis, n (%) | 867 (65.2) |
| Nausea/vomiting, n (%) | 211 (15.9) |
| Erythema/swelling, n (%) | 613 (46.1) |
| Diagnostic Doppler study, n (%) | 461 (34.7) |
| Ultrasound findings TT, n (%) | 305 (66.1) |
| Pathologic urinalysis, n (%) | 56 (4.2) |
| Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) | 3.9 (2.1–6.7) |
| CRP (ng ml−1), median (IQR) | 3.9 (1–14.6) |
BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; IQR: interquartile range; TT: testicular torsion; VAS: visual analog scale