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. 2022 Jun 28;19(1):306–323. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2090693

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Cancer cell-derived factors triggered autophagy in the neighboring fibroblasts. (a and b) Treatment of fibroblast cells with conditioned culture media from MCF7 (1), T47D (2), MDA-MB-231 (MDA; 3), Huh7 (4), and PC3 (5) cancer cells increased GFP-LC3 puncta formation in fibroblast cells. CNT, conditioned medium from MEF cells alone. Quantitative analysis of GFP-LC3 positivity was shown in graphs (mean ± SD of independent experiments, n = 3, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001) (c) Co-culture of RFP-positive MCF7 (MCF7-RFP) breast cancer cells with GFP-LC3 MEF (MEF) cells. (e) Quantitative analysis of GFP-LC3 positivity in MEF:MCF7-RFP co-culture experiments (24 h and 48 h) (mean ± SD of independent experiments, n = 3, *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01). MEF, GFP-LC3 fibroblasts alone (48 h). (d) Co-culture of RFP-positive T47D (T47D-RFP) breast cancer cells with GFP-LC3 MEF (MEF) cells. (f) Quantitative analysis of GFP-LC3 positivity in MEF:T47D-RFP co-culture experiments (24 h and 48 h) (mean ± SD of independent experiments, n = 3, *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01). MEF, GFP-LC3 fibroblast alone (48 h). Scale bar: 20 µm.