Figure 1.

The autophagy level was reduced in human granulosa cells from women with AMA. (A) Senescence-associated GBA/β-galactosidase (SA-GBA/β-gal) staining was performed in granulosa cells from young and old groups. Means and S.E.M of SA-GBA/β-gal-positive cells from at least three independent experiments are indicated. (B) Transmission Electron Microscopy results showed the change in autophagosome number and mitochondrial morphology. Red arrowheads represent autophagosome, and green arrowheads represent mitochondria. Scale bar: 1 μm. (C) Immunofluorescence staining of autophagy markers in ovarian granulosa cells from young and old groups. The accumulation of SQSTM1 is marked in red. Scale bar: 20 μm. (D) Western blot analysis of autophagy related protein expression in ovarian granulosa cells from young and old groups. Normalized quantification of mean gray intensity was determined from 3 separate experiments.