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. 2022 Dec 9;1(1):23. doi: 10.1007/s44214-022-00023-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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On-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons with alternating armchair and zigzag edges. (a), Reaction scheme from precursor 4 to polymer intermediates and resulting GNRs, with red indicating closer to surface and blue further away from surface. (b), STM image (Bias: 1 V, Current: 50 pA, Scale bar: 10 nm) showing the polymer intermediates. The periodic protrusions in the right zoom-in STM image are due to the alternating tilt of successive anthracene/tetracene units. (c), STM image (Bias: 1 V, Current: 50 pA, Scale bar: 15 nm) showing the resulting GNRs. (d), (e), Simultaneously obtained current image (Bias: 10 mV) and nc-AFM image (Oscillation amplitude: 100 pm, Scale bar: 1 nm) showing a short GNR.