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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 31.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Soc Rev. 2022 Oct 31;51(21):9127–9173. doi: 10.1039/d2cs00618a

Figure 3. Engineering tough and stretchable ionic hydrogels.

Figure 3.

(A) Processing scheme for the ionic hydrogels based on poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)/CoCl2 composition. (B) Effect of the Co2+ concentration on the tensile mechanical properties of the hydrogels. (C, D) Self-healing properties of the hydrogels and mechanical properties of the healed hydrogels at different time points. Reprinted with permission from ref 68. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Societ€(E) Fabrication procedure of the carbon nanotubes (CNT)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels with borax to form the PVA complex through (F) attraction of borax to the hydroxyl groups of the PVA chain. (G) Tensile deformation of the hydrogel by 1000%. Reproduced with permission from ref 71. Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.