Table 1. Demographic and clinical measures.
| Control | PDDN | PDDT | p-values* | PDE | PDM | PDL | p§ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | 79 | 18 | 87 | 27 | 26 | 34 | ||
| Sex (F/M) | 41/38 | 12/6 | 41/46 | 0.335 | 14/13 | 16/10 | 11/23 | 0.069 |
| Age (y) | 66.4 ± 10.3 | 64.8 ± 11.4 | 67.1 ± 9.1 | 0.666 | 65.0 ± 9.4 | 67.7 ± 9.8 | 68.2 ± 8.2 | 0.251 |
| Disease Duration (y) | - | 0.2 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 5.4 | <0.001 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 11.6 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
| MDS-UPDRS I | - | 7.1 ± 5.2 | 8.8 ± 6.6 | 0.291 | 6.9 ± 4.2 | 7.6 ± 5.8 | 11.6 ± 4.2 | 0.019 |
| MDS-UPDRS II | - | 7.1 ± 5.0 | 9.0 ± 8.6 | 0.360 | 5.4 ± 5.0 | 6.7 ± 6.1 | 11.3 ± 8.0 | <0.001 |
| MDS-UPDRS III | - | 25.4 ± 13.1 | 25.5 ± 15.7 | 0.985 | 20.9 ± 12.5 | 23.6 ± 10.6 | 30.7 ± 19.9 | 0.041 |
| HY Stage | - | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.145 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 0.003 |
| FoG | 3.8 ± 4.9 | 4.6 ± 5.2 | 0.653 | 2.7 ± 4.35 | 3.8 ± 4.5 | 6.8 ± 5.6 | 0.006 | |
| LEDD | - | - | 698 ± 447 | - | 419 ± 221 | 553 ± 298 | 1030 ± 471 | <0.001 |
| MoCA | 25.5 ± 2.4 | 24.8 ± 3.8 | 24.2 ± 3.5 | 0.026 | 24.4 ± 2.3 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 23.0 ± 4.0 | 0.024 |
| HDRS | 2.9 ± 3.4 | 5.3 ± 4.4 | 5.7 ± 4.8 | <0.001 | 4.8 ± 3.7 | 4.4 ± 4.5 | 7.6 ± 5.4 | 0.019 |
Data presented as mean ± SD. Abbreviations: PDDN = drug naïve PD; PDDT = drug treated PD patients; PDE = early-stage PD; PDM = middle-stage PD; PDL = late-stage PD; HY = Hoehn & Yahr; FoG = Freezing of Gait.
*
indicates p-values between controls, PDDN, and PD.
§
indicates p-values between PDE, PDM, and PDL.