Table 1.

Association between Smoking and OSCC

Smoking category	Patients		Controls		Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-value
	N	%	N	%
Risk association among ever smokers
Ever smokers (Total)	76	72.30	99	47.10	2.938 (1.771-4.876)	p = < 0.001
Never smoked (Total)	29	27.60	111	52.80	1
Breakdown of the ever smoker
Current daily smokers	23	30.26	28	28.28	3.14 (1.583-6.247)	p=0.001
Current non-daily smokers	20	26.31	17	17.17	4.50 (2.096-9.676)	p = < 0.001
Former daily smokers	15	19.73	34	34.34	1.66 (0.812-3.512)	p =0.158
Former non-daily smokers	18	23.68	20	20.20	3.44 (1.616-7.324)	p= 0.001
Gender-based risk association among ever smokers
Male ever smokers	69	86.30	96	60.00	4.18 (2.05 – 8.51)	p = 0.000
Never smoked	11	13.80	64	10.00	1
Female ever smokers	7	28.00	3	6.00	6.09 (1.41 – 26.17)	p = 0.008
Never smoked	18	72.00	47	94.00	1
Type of smoking among ever smokers
Cigarette smokers	43	40.90	49	23.30	3.35 (1.88 – 5.99)	p = 0.000
Never smoked (Total)	29	27.60	111	52.80	1
Beedi smokers	28	26.60	44	20.90	2.43 (1.30-4.55)	p= 0.005
Never smoked (Total)	29	27.60	111	52.80	1
Quantity of smoking
Less than 1 pack per day	21	20.00	42	20.00	1.94 (0.985- 3.719)	p = 0.054
1-2 packs per day	23	21.90	35	16.66	2.51 (1.292-4.897)	p = 0.006
More than 2 packs per day	32	30.47	22	10.47	5.56 (2.822-10.984)	p = <0.001
Never smoked	29	27.61	111	52.85	1
Duration of smoking
< 10 years of smoking	21	20.00	35	16.66	2.29 (1.166-4.524)	p = 0.015
10-20 years of smoking	22	20.95	27	12.85	3.12 (155-6.25)	p = 0.001
>20 years of smoking	33	31.42	37	17.61	3.41 (1.832- 6.361)	P = <0.001
Not smoked	29	27.61	111	52.85	1