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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 3.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2022 Sep 3;170:107494. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107494

Table 2:

Reported asthma and wheeze outcomes at age 4–6 years in CANDLE and TIDES cohorts*

Outcomes Combined analytic population (N=1296) CANDLE (n=829) TIDES Sites
Seattle (n=96) San Francisco (n=131) Minneapolis (n=140) Rochester NY (n=100)
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Current asthma 1
No 1142 (88.1) 696 (84.0) 95 (99.0) 128 (97.7) 132 (94.3) 91 (91.0)
Yes 154 (11.9) 133 (16.0) 1 (1.0) 3 (2.3) 8 (5.7) 9 (9.0)
Current wheeze 2
No 1092 (84.5) 669 (80.9) 93 (96.9) 121 (93.1) 124 (88.6) 85 (85.9)
Yes 200 (15.5) 158 (19.1) 3 (3.1) 9 (6.9) 16 (11.4) 14 (14.1)
Ever asthma 3
No 1145 (88.6) 709 (85.7) 93 (97.9) 126 (96.2) 132 (94.3) 85 (85.0)
Yes 148 (11.4) 118 (14.3) 2 (2.1) 5 (3.8) 8 (5.7) 15 (15.0)
Strict asthma 4
No 1160 (90.8) 721 (88.1) 93 (98.9) 127 (97.7) 132 (94.3) 87 (90.6)
Yes 118 (9.2) 97 (11.9) 1 (1.1) 3 (2.3) 8 (5.7) 9 (9.4)
*

The prevalences of four airway outcomes are summarized, for the overall analytic population as well as by five study sites. Outcomes are determined based on parent report on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire at the time of child age 4–6 years old.

1

Current asthma is defined as positive responses to 2 of the following 3, (1) current wheeze (as defined below), (2) ever asthma (as defined below), and (3) medication use. No missing values

2

Current wheeze is defined as positive response to questions: “Has your child ever had wheezing or whistling in the chest at any time in the past?” and “Has your child ever had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the last 12 months?” N=4 missing.

3

Ever asthma is defined as positive response to the question “Has your child ever had asthma?” N=3 missing.

4

Strict asthma defined as positive response to the question “Has your child ever had asthma?” and “Wheeze in the past 12 months” or to the questions about use of asthma medications. N=18 missing.