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. 2023 Jan 4:1–18. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s12552-022-09385-0

Table 2.

Regression coefficients and odds ratios predicting bail request, pre-trial detention, and indictment outcomes

Bail Request Pretrial Detention Indictment
Variables Model 1 Model 2 Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Intercept 9.46*** (.02) 9.10*** (.03) 1.64*** (.03) 0.47*** (.07) 0.00*** (.18) 0.55*** (.03) 0.37*** (.07) 0.00*** (.16)
Demographics
 Black 0.27*** (.02) 0.03* (.01) 1.54*** (.03) 0.89** (.04) 0.83*** (.04) 1.37*** (.03) 1.12** (.04) 1.11** (.04)
 Latino 0.20*** (.02) 0.02 (.02) 1.34*** (.03) 0.86*** (.04) 0.83*** (.04) 1.28*** (.03) 1.07 (.04) 1.08 (.04)
 Asian  − 0.17*** (.03)  − 0.04 (.03) 0.61*** (.07) 0.87 (.07) 0.90 (.08) 0.75*** (.07) 0.85* (.07) 0.89 (.08)
 Gender 0.18*** (.01) 1.94*** (.03) 1.77*** (.03) 1.32*** (.03) 1.06 (.03)
 Age < 18 − 0.08*** (.02) 0.57*** (.05) 0.58*** (.05) 1.36*** (.05) 1.68*** (.05)
 Age 18—24 − 0.01 (.01) 0.90** (.03) 0.92* (.03) 1.03 (.03) 1.06 (.03)
 Age 35 +  − 0.06*** (.01) 0.75*** (.03) 0.77*** (.03) 0.94* (.03) 1.01 (.03)
Instant Offense
 Class B Drugs 0.22*** (.02) 1.28*** (.05) 1.02 (.05) 2.12*** (.04) 1.89*** (.04)
 Class D Violent Assault 0.21*** (.02) 1.96*** (.05) 1.73*** (.05) 0.92 (.05) 0.70*** (.05)
 Class D Forgery 0.00 (.02) 0.90 (.06) 0.87* (.06) 1.18** (.05) 1.27*** (.06)
 Class C Violent Robbery 0.61*** (.02) 3.66*** (.06) 2.21*** (.07) 1.68*** (.05) 0.93 (.06)
 Class D Grand Larceny 0.27*** (.02) 1.04 (.06) 0.78*** (.06) 1.81*** (.06) 1.65*** (.06)
 Class D Burglary 0.22*** (.03) 1.77*** (.08) 1.52***(.08) 1.99*** (.06) 1.65*** (.06)
 Class D Drugs 0.03 (.03) 0.90 (.07) 0.86*(.08) 1.26*** (.06) 1.32*** (.07)
 Class D Weapons − 0.05* (.03) 0.63*** (.07) 0.65*** (.07) 0.63*** (.07) 0.66*** (.07)
 Class C Violent Burglary 0.73*** (.03) 3.60*** (.09) 1.87*** (.09) 3.07*** (.07) 1.69*** (.07)
 Class E Contempt 0.30*** (.03) 3.13*** (.09) 2.64*** (.09) 1.02 (.08) 0.75*** (.08)
 Class B Violent Robbery 1.15*** (.03) 13.16*** (.13) 4.75*** (.13) 3.12*** (.07) 1.09 (.08)
 Class E Theft 0.02 (.03) 1.30** (.09) 1.30** (.09) 0.72*** (.08) 0.65*** (.09)
 Class D Robbery 0.22*** (.03) 1.81*** (.09) 1.57*** (.10) 1.10 (.08) 0.85* (.08)
 Other Charges 0.53*** (.02) 2.74*** (.04) 1.81*** (.05) 2.08*** (.04) 1.31*** (.04)
Criminal History
 Felony Convictions—1 0.32*** (.01) 2.21*** (.05) 1.67*** (.05) 1.22*** (.04) 0.87*** (.04)
 Felony Convictions—2 0.41*** (.02) 2.28*** (.06) 1.55*** (.07) 1.29*** (.04) 0.87** (.05)
 Felony Convictions—3 0.41*** (.02) 2.22*** (.08) 1.51*** (.08) 1.33*** (.05) 0.89* (.06)
 Felony Convictions—4 0.47*** (.03) 2.67*** (.10) 1.73*** (.10) 1.52*** (.06) 0.97 (.06)
 Felony Convictions—5 +  0.55*** (.02) 2.76*** (.09) 1.61*** (.10) 1.71*** (.06) 1.02 (.06)
 Misdemeanor Convictions 1–2 0.16*** (.01) 2.05*** (.04) 1.88*** (.04) 1.54*** (.03) 1.28*** (.03)
 Misdemeanor Convictions 3–4 0.16*** (.02) 2.39*** (.05) 2.16*** (.06) 1.39*** (.04) 1.12* (.05)
 Misdemeanor Convictions 5–10 0.18*** (.02) 3.16*** (.05) 2.80*** (.06) 1.49*** (.04) 1.17*** (.04)
 Misdemeanor Convictions 11–20 0.18*** (.02) 4.56*** (.07) 3.97*** (.07) 1.45*** (.05) 1.09 (.05)
 Misdemeanor Convictions 21 +  0.14*** (.02) 5.62*** (.09) 5.14*** (.09) 1.32*** (.05) 1.01 (.06)
 Violent Convictions—1 0.07*** (.02) 1.05 (.06) 0.98 (.06) 1.04 (.04) 0.98 (.04)
 Violent Convictions—2 +  0.10*** (.02) 1.05 (.09) 0.96 (.09) 0.92 (.05) 0.84** (.06)
 Bench Warrants—1 0.07*** (.01) 1.61*** (.04) 1.55*** (.04) 1.08* (.03) 0.96 (.03)
 Bench Warrants—2 0.07*** (.02) 1.67*** (.05) 1.60*** (.05) 1.02 (.04) 0.91* (.04)
 Bench Warrants—3 0.10*** (.02) 1.82*** (.07) 1.73*** (.08) 0.94 (.05) 0.82*** (.05)
 Bench Warrants—4 0.10*** (.03) 1.52*** (.09) 1.40*** (.10) 0.98 (.06) 0.87* (.06)
 Bench Warrants—5 +  0.09*** (.02) 1.69*** (.08) 1.59*** (.08) 0.86** (.05) 0.75*** (.05)
Other Factors
 Pending Case 0.13***(.01) 1.69*** (.03) 1.51*** (.03) 1.10*** (.02) 0.93** (.03)
 Domestic Violence − 0.16*** (.01) 0.93(.04) 1.10*(.04) 0.43***(.04) 0.43***(.04)
 Parole Supervision 0.27*** (.02) 2.74*** (.08) 2.13*** (.09) 1.42*** (.04) 1.10* (.05)
 Crime Driver 0.21*** (.01) 1.42*** (.04) 1.16*** (.04) 1.27*** (.03) 1.06 (.03)
 ln ECAB − 0.29*** (.01) 0.68*** (.03) 0.88*** (.03) 0.60*** (.03) 0.74*** (.03)
 Defense Atty.—18B 1.37*** (.06) 1.55*** (.06) 1.10 (.05) 1.16** (.06)
 Defense Atty.—Legal Aid 1.04(.05) 1.20*** (.05) 0.99 (.04) 1.12* (.05)
 Defense Atty.—Other 0.90* (.05) 1.01 (.05) 0.97 (.05) 1.11* (.05)
Prior Decisionmaking
 Bail Request (logged) 2.89*** (.02) 2.13*** (.02)
 Pretrial Detention 2.51*** (.03)
Adjusted R-square/Accuracy .012 .263 .680 .760 .790 .580 .640 .690
− 2LL − 27,009  − 21,226  − 19,053  − 29,723  − 27,452  − 24,891
N 43,971 43,971 43,971 43,971 43,971 43,971 43,971 43,971