Table 5.
Awareness of diabetes complications by sociodemographic factors (n = 1,051).
| Diabetes complications - percentage of respondents who answered “yes” by sociodemographic factors | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Cardiovascular diseases | Kidney damage | Vision problems/loss of vision | Limb amputation | Diabetic foot | Damage to the nervous system | ||||||
| n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Female | 298 (53.2) | 0.04 | 326 (58.2) | < 0.001 | 353 (63.0) | < 0.001 | 414 (73.9) | < 0.001 | 486 (86.8) | < 0.001 | 185 (33.0) | 0.009 |
| Male | 230 (46.8) | 222 (45.2) | 245 (49.9) | 294 (59.9) | 353 (71.9) | 126 (25.7) | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| 18–29 | 107 (47.3) | 0.5 | 101 (44.7) | 0.01 | 81 (35.8) | < 0.001 | 115 (50.9) | < 0.001 | 156 (69.0) | < 0.001 | 63 (27.9) | < 0.001 |
| 30–39 | 115 (55.0) | 98 (46.9) | 113 (54.1) | 140 (67.0) | 155 (74.2) | 78 (37.3) | ||||||
| 40–49 | 96 (50.5) | 108 (56.8) | 114 (60.0) | 124 (65.3) | 150 (78.9) | 50 (26.3) | ||||||
| 50–59 | 104 (51.5) | 112 (55.4) | 141 (69.8) | 161 (79.7) | 171 (84.7) | 73 (36.1) | ||||||
| 60+ | 106 (47.3) | 129 (57.6) | 149 (66.5) | 168 (75.0) | 207 (92.4) | 47 (21.0) | ||||||
| Educational level | ||||||||||||
| Primary | 14 (50.0) | < 0.001 | 11 (39.3) | < 0.001 | 9 (32.1) | < 0.001 | 12 (42.9) | < 0.001 | 18 (64.3) | < 0.001 | 9 (32.1) | < 0.001 |
| Vocational | 40 (36.7) | 47 (43.1) | 49 (45.0) | 65 (59.6) | 75 (68.8) | 13 (11.9) | ||||||
| Secondary | 218 (47.0) | 223 (48.1) | 253 (54.5) | 298 (64.2) | 362 (78.0) | 124 (26.7) | ||||||
| Higher | 256 (56.9) | 267 (59.3) | 287 (63.8) | 333 (74.0) | 384 (85.3) | 165 (36.7) | ||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Single | 127 (50.8) | 0.8 | 125 (50.0) | 0.8 | 121 (48.4) | 0.004 | 141 (56.4) | < 0.001 | 182 (72.8) | 0.002 | 80 (32.0) | 0.8 |
| Married | 254 (48.8) | 273 (52.5) | 311 (59.8) | 361 (69.4) | 421 (81.0) | 150 (28.8) | ||||||
| Informal relationship | 88 (53.7) | 85 (51.8) | 89 (54.3) | 114 (69.5) | 131 (79.9) | 48 (29.3) | ||||||
| Divorced/widowed | 59 (50.4) | 65 (55.6) | 77 (65.8) | 92 (78.6) | 105 (89.7) | 33 (28.2) | ||||||
| Having children | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 325 (50.5) | 0.8 | 342 (53.2) | 0.4 | 403 (62.7) | < 0.001 | 467 (72.6) | < 0.001 | 542 (84.3) | < 0.001 | 184 (28.6) | 0.4 |
| No | 203 (49.8) | 206 (50.5) | 195 (47.8) | 241 (59.1) | 297 (72.8) | 127 (31.1) | ||||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 166 (49.0) | 0.3 | 148 (43.7) | 0.005 | 171 (50.4) | 0.03 | 206 (60.8) | 0.01 | 243 (71.7) | < 0.001 | 87 (25.7) | 0.3 |
| City below 20,000 residents | 67 (54.9) | 68 (55.7) | 68 (55.7) | 81 (66.4) | 101 (82.8) | 42 (34.4) | ||||||
| City from 20,000 to 99,999 residents | 127 (53.6) | 131 (55.3) | 141 (59.5) | 162 (68.4) | 199 (84.0) | 76 (32.1) | ||||||
| City from 100,000 to 499,999 residents | 101 (50.5) | 111 (55.5) | 119 (59.5) | 145 (72.5) | 163 (81.5) | 57 (28.5) | ||||||
| City above 500,000 residents | 67 (43.8) | 90 (58.8) | 99 (64.7) | 114 (74.5) | 133 (86.9) | 49 (32.0) | ||||||
| Number of household members | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 75 (47.2) | 0.4 | 86 (54.1) | 0.6 | 89 (56.0) | 0.8 | 106 (66.7) | 0.8 | 133 (83.6) | 0.2 | 48 (30.2) | 0.9 |
| 2 or more | 453 (50.8) | 462 (51.8) | 509 (57.1) | 602 (67.5) | 706 (79.1) | 263 (29.5) | ||||||
| Occupational status | ||||||||||||
| Active | 336 (50.7) | 0.7 | 342 (51.6) | 0.6 | 377 (56.9) | 0.9 | 451 (68.0) | 0.6 | 514 (77.5) | 0.02 | 206 (31.1) | 0.2 |
| Passive | 192 (49.5) | 206 (53.1) | 221 (57.0) | 257 (66.2) | 325 (83.8) | 105 (27.1) | ||||||
| Self-reported financial situation | ||||||||||||
| Good | 193 (48.1) | 0.4 | 215 (53.6) | 0.5 | 228 (56.9) | 0.9 | 272 (67.8) | 0.6 | 323 (80.5) | 0.8 | 118 (29.4) | 0.9 |
| Moderate | 205 (50.5) | 203 (50.0) | 228 (56.2) | 278 (68.5) | 324 (79.8) | 122 (30.0) | ||||||
| Bad | 130 (53.3) | 130 (53.3) | 142 (58.2) | 158 (64.8) | 192 (78.7) | 71 (29.1) | ||||||
| Having diabetes | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 61 (55.5) | 0.2 | 62 (56.4) | 0.3 | 81 (73.6) | < 0.001 | 83 (75.5) | 0.06 | 101 (91.8) | < 0.001 | 45 (40.9) | 0.006 |
| No | 467 (49.6) | 486 (51.6) | 517 (54.9) | 625 (66.4) | 738 (78.4) | 266 (28.3) | ||||||
| History of diabetes in the family | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 270 (58.7) | < 0.001 | 261 (56.7) | 0.008 | 289 (62.8) | < 0.001 | 333 (72.4) | 0.002 | 385 (83.7) | 0.006 | 157 (34.1) | 0.004 |
| No | 258 (43.7) | 287 (48.6) | 309 (52.3) | 375 (63.5) | 454 (76.8) | 154 (26.1) | ||||||
The bold values present results that meet the statistical significance requirement set at p < 0.05.