Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of the patients by incidence of NODM after three months
| Variables | NODM after 3 months | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| No=85 | Yes=15 | ||
| Age (years) | |||
| 18-35 | 28 (32.94%) | 6 (40%) | 0.6787MC |
| 36-65 | 36 (42.35%) | 7 (46.67%) | |
| >65 | 21 (24.71%) | 2 (13.33%) | |
| Mean±SD | 49.49±19.53 | 41.6±15.02 | 0.0871WT |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 25 (29.41%) | 8 (53.33%) | 0.087MC |
| Male | 60 (70.59%) | 7 (46.67%) | |
| Body Mass Index | |||
| <18.5 (Underweight) | 10 (11.76%) | 1 (6.67%) | <0.001MC* |
| 18.5-24.9 (Normal) | 63 (74.12%) | 5 (33.33%) | |
| 25-29.9 (Overweight) | 12 (14.12%) | 5 (33.33%) | |
| ≥30 (Obese) | 0 | 4 (26.67%) | |
| Mean±SD | 21.66±2.76 | 25±4.39 | 0.0117WT* |
| Family history of diabetes mellitus | |||
| No | 80 (94.12%) | 6 (40%) | <0.001MC* |
| Yes | 5 (5.88%) | 9 (60%) | |
| Day of illness (from symptom onset) at admission | |||
| Mean±SD, | 5.8±2.05 | 5.93±2.12 | 0.9337MW |
| Median (minimum, maximum) | 5 (2, 10) | 6 (3, 11) | |
| Severity at admission | |||
| Mild | 68 (80%) | 6 (40%) | 0.006MC* |
| Moderate | 12 (14.12%) | 8 (53.33%) | |
| Severe | 5 (5.88%) | 1 (6.67%) | |
| Severity progression | |||
| No progression | 79 (92.94%) | 13 (86.67%) | |
| Mild to moderate | 3 (3.53%) | 1 (6.67%) | 1MC |
| Moderate to severe | 3 (3.53%) | 1 (6.67%) | |
| Oxygen duration | |||
| Mean±SD, | 1.16±2.57 | 3.2±3.03 | 0.0015MW* |
| Median (minimum, maximum) | 0 (0, 10) | 3 (0, 7) | |
| Steroid duration | |||
| Mean±SD, | 7.31±14.34 | 24.07±16.65 | <0.001MW* |
| Median (minimum, maximum) | 0 (0, 56) | 25 (0, 46) | |
| ICU requirement | |||
| No | 79 (92.9%) | 11 (73.33%) | 0.0645MC |
| Yes | 6 (7.05%) | 4 (26.67%) | |
| Steroid dosage | |||
| No steroid | 65 (76.47%) | 4 (26.67%) | |
| Low dose (40-60 mg/day) | 12 (14.12%) | 5 (33.33%) | 0.005MC* |
| High dose (60-80 mg/day) | 4 (4.71%) | 3 (20%) | |
| Pulse therapy (125 mg/day) | 4 (4.71%) | 3 (20%) | |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | |||
| No | 85 (100%) | 13 (86.67%) | 0.0275MC* |
| Yes | 0 | 2 (13.33%) | |
| C-Reactive Protein | |||
| Normal (0-6) | 40 (47.06%) | 6 (40%) | |
| Mild (6-26) | 27 (31.76%) | 4 (26.67%) | 0.6287MC |
| Moderate (26-100) | 18 (21.18%) | 5 (33.33%) | |
| Symptoms at admission | |||
| Fever | 50 (58.82%) | 10 (66.67%) | 0.5676C |
| Cough | 34 (40%) | 9 (60%) | 0.1492C |
| Shortness of breath | 19 (22.35%) | 0 | 0.0755MC |
| Cold | 9 (10.59%) | 2 (13.33%) | 1MC |
| Headache | 12 (14.12%) | 3 (20%) | 0.7036MC |
| Generalized Malaise | 31 (36.47%) | 5 (33.33%) | 0.8155C |
| Myalgia | 15 (17.65%) | 0 | 0.1299MC |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Hypertension | 27 (31.76%) | 5 (33.33%) | 1MC |
| Respiratory disease | 6 (7.06%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.6022MC |
| Persisting symptoms after three months | |||
| Polydipsia | 3 (3.53%) | 8 (53.33%) | <0.001MC* |
| Hair loss | 12 (14.12%) | 6 (40%) | 0.029MC* |
| Polyphagia | 6 (7.06%) | 6 (40%) | 0.005MC* |
| Weight gain | 4 (4.71%) | 3 (20%) | 0.0745MC |
| Weight loss | 0 | 3 (20%) | 0.005MC* |
| Weakness | 10 (11.76%) | 5 (33.33%) | 0.056MC |
| Body pains | 28 (32.94%) | 5 (33.33%) | 1MC |
| Cough | 19 (22.35%) | 2 (13.33%) | 0.5262MC |
| Shortness of breath | 15 (17.65%) | 3 (20%) | 1MC |
C – Chi-square test, MC - Chi-square test with Monte Carlo simulation, WT – Welch’s t-test, MW – Mann–Whitney U-test, * indicates statistical significance