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. 2022 Oct 31;11(10):5909–5917. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_77_22

Table 3.

Effects of antihistamines on mood and sleep

Test Chlorpheniramine Mean±SEM Levocetirizine Mean±SEM Fexofenadine Mean±SEM



Baseline 1 Week 4 Week Baseline 1 Week 4 Week Baseline 1 Week 4 Week









Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM
Epworth sleepiness scale 4.41 0.68 5.82* 0.66 5.41 0.72 3.39 0.56 4.70* 0.57 4.65@ 0.46 4.65 0.70 4.25 0.63 4.00@ 0.57
Brief mood introspection scale (BMIS) Pleasant unpleasant score 53.77 1.46 54.00 0.91 52.91 0.64 54.70 1.60 54.13 1.5 52.30#@ 1.26 54.85 0.87 55.45 0.84 53.00# 0.80
BMIS arousal calm score 28.32 0.78 27.95 0.84 25.50#@ 0.70 28.52 0.47 27.65 0.76 27.83 0.72 27.85 0.45 29.05 0.75 26.05# 0.79
BMIS positive tired score 22.23 0.52 21.64 0.46 19.95#@ 0.51 23.22 0.59 21.78* 0.62 20.87@ 0.72 22.75 0.47 22.45 0.42 20.20#@ 0.71
BMIS negative relaxed score 8.86 0.87 8.18 0.63 7.82 0.47 8.52 0.68 8.43 0.67 8.61 0.63 8.10 0.38 8.20 0.55 7.40 0.52

Footnote: Paired sample t-test was used for intragroup comparison and ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis was used for intergroup comparison. In intragroup comparison, * depicts significance at 1 week as compared to baseline, # depicts significance at 4 week as compared to 1 week, and @ depicts significance at 4 week as compared to baseline. In intergroup comparison (shaded boxes represent comparison groups showing significance), $ depicts significance at 1 week and ^ depicts significance at 4 week