Fig. 5.

Site-directed mutagenesis of OSCs. (A) β-amyrin synthases (βAS) and cycloartenol synthases (CAS) studied by mutagenesis (accession numbers see Table S5). (B) Comparison of β-amyrin (1) yields and GC/MS chromatograms for β-amyrin synthases and their mutants. (C) Comparison of cycloartenol (2) yields and GC/MS chromatograms for cycloartenol synthases and their mutants. Mutant of each OSC was labeled as OSC-M, and blank refers to the results from yeast carrying an empty pYES2 vector. For all groups, n = 3. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001. Protein sequences alignment for these OSCs were shown in Fig. S11.