Table 1 Characteristics of study participants.
| General characteristics | Overall | No gestational diabetes | Gestational diabetes | p-value† | No gestational diabetes | Impaired gestational fasting glycaemia | Impaired gestational glucose tolerance | p-value‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size n (%) | 2438 (100) | 1647 (100) | 791 (100) | 1647 (100) | 723 (100) | 68 (100) | ||
| Age (y)* | 24.8±5.1 | 24.6±4.9 | 25.3±5.3 | 0.001 | 24.6±4.9 | 25.4±5.3§ | 24.3±5.2 | 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg*m −2 )* | 23.4±4.1 | 23.2±4.0 | 23.8±4.3 | 0.002 | 23.2±4.0 | 23.9±4.3§ | 23.0±4.2 || | 0.001 |
| Mean art. pressure (mm Hg)* | 75.9±7.8 | 75.8±7.6 | 76.2±8.3 | ns | 75.8±7.6 | 75.6±7.5 | 81.7±13.0|§ | <0.001 |
| Gestational age at OGTT (wk)* | 26.3±2.5 | 26.3±2.8 | 26.3±2.7 | ns | 26.3±2.8 | 26.3±2.8 | 26.4±2.4 | ns |
| Parity n (%) | 0.005 | 0.006 | ||||||
| 1 | 812 (33.3) | 560 (34.0) | 252 (31.9) | 560 (34.0) | 222 (30.7) | 30 (44.1) || | ||
| 2 | 691 (28.3) | 487 (29.6) | 204 (25.8) | 487 (29.6) | 189 (26.1) | 15 (22.1) | ||
| ≥3 | 935 (38.4) | 600 (36.4) | 335 (42.4) § | 600 (36.4) | 312 (43.2) | 23 (33.8) | ||
| Previous pregnancy complications n (%) | 844 (34.6) | 576 (35.0) | 268 (33.9) | ns | 576 (35.0) | 247 (34.2) | 21 (30.9) | ns |
| Family history for diabetes mellitus n (%) | 248 (10.2) | 167 (10.1) | 81 (10.2) | ns | 167 (10.1) | 72 (10.0) | 9 (13.2) | ns |
| Consanguinity n (%) | 377 (15.5) | 255 (15.5) | 122 (15.4) | ns | 255 (15.5) | 111 (15.4) | 11 (16.2) | ns |
* Mean±SD and n (%); † comparison of p-values of no gestational diabetes and gestational diabetes; ‡ comparison of p-values of no gestational diabetes, impaired gestational fasting glycaemia, and impaired gestational glucose tolerance; § p<0.01 compared to no gestational diabetes; | p<0.01 compared to impaired gestational fasting glycemia; || p<0.05 compared to impaired gestational fasting glycemia.