Fig. 1.

Schematic illustration of constructing AaLS/LOX and AaLS/LOX/CAT and their application to the TME modulation. a Polyvalent immobilization of LOX onto the surface of AaLS and subsequent CAT immobilization using a SpyTag/SpyCatcher ligation system. b Schematic illustration of AaLS/LOX/CAT delivery to the tumor sites and their subsequent TME modulation by the effective consumption of lactate and H₂O₂