Table 3.
Neurovascular inflammation by severity of WMH
| Mild burden mean ± SD |
Moderate to severe burden mean ± SD |
p value a Moderate to severe vs mild WMH |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Microglia (IBA1) | |||
| Frequency (#/mm2) b | 267.1 ± 175.6 | 364.8 ± 239.4 | p = 0.145 |
| Area (%) | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 3.1 ± 2.4 | p = 0.047 * |
| Intensity (%) | 32.9 ± 2.2 | 34.8 ± 2.9 | p = 0.007 ** |
| Average length (µm) | 20.8 ± 4.6 | 21.9 ± 5.1 | p = 0.065 |
| Circularity [0–1] | 0.43 ± 0.06 | 0.46 ± 0.07 | p = 0.352 |
| Astroglia (GFAP) | |||
| Area (%) | 61.4 ± 23.2 | 59.2 ± 22.6 | p = 0.741 |
| Intensity (%) | 33.6 ± 7.8 | 32.2 ± 7.5 | p = 0.835 |
| Perivascular inflammation | |||
| Perivascular inflammation present (%) | 98.4 ± 4.8 | 97.6 ± 4.3 | p = 0.591 |
| Mild (%) | 19.6 ± 28.7 | 21.0 ± 22.4 | p = 0.403 |
| Moderate (%) | 59.8 ± 21.4 | 57.4 ± 19.1 | p = 0.688 |
| Severe (%) | 20.7 ± 18.2 | 21.7 ± 24.1 | p = 0.736 |
| Presence of close-range perivascular inflammation (%) | 20.4 ± 17.9 | 22.2 ± 24.7 | p = 0.956 |
GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, IBA1 ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, SD standard deviation, WMH white matter hyperintensity. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
a p values represent values after Bonferroni correction
b Frequency describes the number of microglial cells per mm2