Table 1.
Clinical and Radiological Characteristics Between Patients with Contrast Extravasation and with No Contrast Extravasation
| Characteristic | Total (n = 172) | Contrast extravasation (n = 61) | No contrast extravasation (n = 111) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), years | 65.5 (47–76) | 69 (53.0–76.5) | 63 (43–76) | 0.14 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 111 (64.5) | 43 (70.5) | 68 (61.3) | 0.23 |
| Patients taking anticoagulant medicine, no. (%) | 14 (8.14) | 4 (6.56) | 10 (9.0) | 0.77 |
| Patients taking antiplatelet medicine, no. (%) | 16 (9.3) | 4 (6.56) | 12 (10.8) | 0.42 |
| Mechanism of injury, no. (%) | 0.41 | |||
| Fall from standing | 40 (23.3) | 15 (24.6) | 25 (22.5) | |
| Fall from height | 30 (17.4) | 14 (23.0) | 16 (14.4) | |
| Motor vehicle crash | 38 (22.1) | 9 (14.8) | 29 (26.1) | |
| Bicycle accident | 44 (25.6) | 17 (27.9) | 27 (24.3) | |
| Pedestrian struck | 18 (10.5) | 6 (9.84) | 12 (10.8) | |
| Hit by object | 2 (1.16) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Admission blood pressure, median (IQR), mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic | 153 (133–181) | 159 (138.0–191.5) | 149.5 (130–174) | 0.14 |
| Diastolic | 92 (80–107) | 91 (80–109) | 92.5 (77.8–105.5) | 0.80 |
| Shock, no. (%) | 4 (2.32) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.6) | 0.30 |
| Admission GCS, median (IQR) | 11 (6–14) | 11 (6–14) | 12 (6–14) | 0.37 |
| Admission anisocoria, no. (%) | 40 (25.6) | 15 (25.0) | 25 (26.0) | 0.88 |
| Time from onset to arrival, median (IQR), min | 35 (28–44) | 35 (29–44) | 35 (27–44) | 0.75 |
| Time from onset to CTA, median (IQR), min | 64 (56–75) | 64 (56–74) | 64 (56–80) | 0.66 |
| Marshall Computed Tomography Score, median (IQR) | 2 (2–5) | 4 (2.0–5.5) | 2 (2–5) | 0.0014 |
| Type of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, no. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ASDH | 72 (41.9) | 26 (42.6) | 46 (41.4) | |
| AEDH | 13 (7.56) | 10 (16.4) | 3 (2.7) | |
| ICH | 28 (16.3) | 18 (29.5) | 10 (9.0) | |
| tSAH | 58 (33.7) | 7 (11.5) | 51 (45.9) | |
| IVH | 1 (0.58) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | |
| AIS-head, median (IQR) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (5–5) | 4 (3–5) | <0.0001 |
| ISS, median (IQR) | 25 (17–26) | 25 (25–29) | 21 (16–26) | <0.0001 |
| Emergent surgery, no. (%) | 68 (39.5) | 33 (54.1) | 35 (31.5) | 0.0038 |
| GOS at discharge, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1.0–3.5) | 3 (3–4) | <0.0001 |
| In-hospital mortality, no. (%) | 31 (18.0) | 22 (36.1) | 9 (8.11) | <0.0001 |
IQR, interquartile range; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; CTA, computed tomography angiography; ASDH, acute subdural hematoma; AEDH, acute epidural hematoma; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; tSAH, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale.