TABLE 1.
Demographic and Injury Characteristics of the Patient Population by Cohort, n (%)
| Historical Average 2016–2019, n = 5,891 | COVID 2020, n = 7,068 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 3,639 (61.8) | 4,289 (60.7) | 0.198 |
| Age, y | 0.005 | ||
| < 1 | 579 (9.8) | 618 (8.7) | |
| 1–4 | 1,232 (20.9) | 1,513 (21.4) | |
| 5–9 | 1,842 (31.3) | 2,155 (30.5) | |
| 10–14 | 1,434 (24.3) | 1,891 (26.8) | |
| 15–17 | 804 (13.7) | 891 (12.6) | |
| Race | 0.630 | ||
| White | 4,349 (75.7) | 5,222 (76.2) | |
| African American | 1,033 (18.0) | 1,199 (17.5) | |
| Asian | 86 (1.5) | 105 (1.5) | |
| Hawaiian/PI | 10 (0.2) | 8 (0.1) | |
| American Indian | 14 (0.2) | 27 (0.4) | |
| Other | 250 (4.4) | 294 (4.3) | |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Hispanic | 368 (6.3) | 478 (6.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 4,744 (80.5) | 6,384 (90.3) | |
| Unknown/missing | 778 (13.2) | 206 (2.9) | |
| Median household income | 0.034 | ||
| Quintile 1 (poorest) | 1,148 (19.6) | 1,291 (18.3) | |
| Quintile 2 | 1,180 (20.1) | 1,344 (19.1) | |
| Quintile 3 | 1,040 (17.7) | 1,295 (18.4) | |
| Quintile 4 | 1,135 (19.4) | 1,337 (19.0) | |
| Quintile 5 (richest) | 1,364 (23.3) | 1,778 (25.2) | |
| Weighted SVI, SD | 0.4640 (0.2213) | 0.4559 (0.2236) | 0.007 |
| SES | 0.4926 (0.2377) | 0.4824 (0.2411) | 0.002 |
| Household/disability | 0.5867 (0.2093) | 0.5825 (0.2079) | 0.133 |
| Minority/language | 0.3212 (0.2153) | 0.3179 (0.2138) | 0.262 |
| Housing/transportation | 0.4659 (0.1805) | 0.4608 (0.1856) | 0.037 |
| Injury type* | <0.001 | ||
| Blunt | 4,731 (80.5) | 5,568 (78.8) | |
| Penetrating | 475 (8.2) | 776 (11.0) | |
| Burn | 317 (5.3) | 475 (6.7) | |
| Unspecified | 122 (1.7) | 134 (1.9) | |
| Not applicable | 246 (3.4) | 115 (1.6) | |
| Injury mechanism* | <0.001 | ||
| Fall | 2,482 (42.2) | 2,652 (37.6) | |
| MVC | 1,437 (24.5) | 1,923 (27.3) | |
| Nontraffic | 124 (8.6) | 131 (6.8) | |
| Motorcycle | 22 (1.5) | 36 (1.9) | |
| MVC occupant | 496 (34.5) | 505 (26.3) | |
| MVC other | 5 (0.4) | 5 (0.3) | |
| MVC with cyclist | 64 (4.5) | 69 (3.6) | |
| MVC with pedestrian | 115 (8.0) | 75 (3.9) | |
| MVC unspecified | 24 (1.7) | 12 (0.6) | |
| Bicycle collision | 261 (18.2) | 505 (26.3) | |
| Pedestrian (including skateboarding, rollerblading) | 46 (3.2) | 60 (3.1) | |
| Land transportation (including ATV collisions) | 280 (19.5) | 525 (27.3) | |
| Struck by/against | 534 (9.1) | 494 (7.0) | |
| Firearm | 108 (1.8) | 215 (3.1) | |
| Cut/pierce | 182 (3.1) | 251 (3.6) | |
| Drown/submerge | 22 (0.4) | 28 (0.4) | |
| Burn | 316 (5.4) | 475 (6.7) | |
| Abuse | 228 (3.9) | 264 (3.8) | |
| Bites/stings | 186 (3.2) | 318 (4.5) | |
| Natural | 78 (1.3) | 64 (0.9) | |
| Other/not specified | 237 (4.0) | 354 (5.0) | |
| Intent of injury* | <0.001 | ||
| Unintentional | 5,374 (92.3) | 6,508 (92.1) | |
| Intentional, assault | 378 (6.5) | 459 (6.5) | |
| Intentional, suicide | 37 (0.6) | 44 (0.6) | |
| Intentional, other | 35 (0.6) | 49 (0.7) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | |
| ISS | 0.888 | ||
| 0–15 | 5,132 (92.4) | 6,490 (92.2) | |
| 16–24 | 262 (4.7) | 336 (4.8) | |
| ≥25 | 158 (2.9) | 210 (3.0) |
*Primary external cause of injury code included only.
ISS, Injury Severity Score; PI, Pacific Islander; SES, socioeconomic status.