Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and hospital metrics in COVID-19 patients and controls.
| ICU (n = 82) | WARD (n = 53) | HOME (n = 49) | pa | All COVID-19 (N = 184) | CONTROL (n = 53) | pb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 57.5 (11.6) | 55.6 (9.6) | 44.2 (13.3) | <.001 | 53.4 (12.8) | 54.9 (12.3) | .453 |
| Sex, male, No./total (%) | 49/82 (59.8) | 19/53 (35.8) | 13/49 (26.5) | <.001 | 81/184 (44.0) | 27/53 (50.9) | .373 |
| Education, median (IQR), y | 14 (12–15) | 15 (13–17) | 15 (14–17) | <.001 | 15 (12–17) | 15 (13–17) | .115 |
| Comorbidities No./total (%)c | |||||||
| CCI, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) n = 81 | 1 (1–2) | – | .196 | – | – | – |
| Hypertension | 45/82 (54.9) | 15/53 (28.3) | 8/48 (16.7) | <.001 | 68/183 (37.2) | 11/53 (20.8) | .026 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 26/82 (31.7) | 11/53 (20.8) | 4/48 (8.3) | .008 | 41/183 (22.4) | 7/53 (13.2) | .143 |
| Heart disease | 12/82 (14.6) | 3/53 (5.7) | 5/48 (10.4) | .262 | 20/183 (10.9) | 1/53 (1.9) | .042 |
| Diabetes | 19/82 (23.2) | 5/53 (9.4) | 2/48 (4.2) | .006 | 26/183 (14.2) | 1/53 (1.9) | .013 |
| Malignancy | 6/82 (7.3) | 3/53 (5.7) | 2/48 (4.2) | .760 | 11/183 (6.0) | 1/53 (1.9) | .229 |
| Asthma | 14/82 (17.1) | 14/53 (26.4) | 5/48 (10.4) | .108 | 33/183 (18.0) | 3/53 (5.7) | .027 |
| COPD | 0/82 (0.0) | 3/53 (5.7) | 0/48 (0.0) | .024 | 3/183 (1.6) | 0/53 (0.0) | .348 |
| Kidney disease | 3/82 (3.7) | 0/53 (0.0) | 0/48 (0.0) | .153 | 3/183 (1.6) | 0/53 (0.0) | .348 |
| Liver disease | 0/82 (0.0) | 2/53 (3.8) | 2/48 (4.2) | .188 | 4/183 (2.2) | 0/53 (0.0) | .278 |
| Hospital metrics | |||||||
| Delirium, No./total (%) | 29/82 (35.4) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Duration of hospital stay, median (IQR), d | 20 (15–26) | 8 (5–11) | – | <.001 | – | – | |
| Duration of supplementary oxygen, median (IQR), d | 20 (14–24) n = 78 | 5 (1–9) | – | <.001 | – | – | – |
| Duration of ICU stay, median (IQR), d | 10.5 (6–18) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Received IMV, No./total (%) | 53/82 (64.6) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Duration of IMV, median (IQR), dd | 7 (0–14) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; IMV, Invasive mechanical ventilation.
a
ICU vs WARD vs HOME using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, or χ2 test, as appropriate.
b
Complete COVID-19 group vs non-COVID controls using t-test, Mann-Whitney test, or χ2 test, as appropriate.
c
Data missing from one patient in the HOME group.
d
The duration of IMV in days included intubation and extubation days, and all episodes in the case of several IMV episodes.