Fig. 3.

Heparanase (HPSE) promotes cancer pain in mice. (A) Paw thickness. (B) Mechanical allodynia. (C) Cold response. (D) Spontaneous pain. (E–G) The content of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and PD-L1 were detected by ELISA assay. (H) PGE2 expression was detected by qRT-PCR. ^**P < 0.01 versus control. ^##P < 0.01 versus model. The error bars indicate mean ± standard deviation. TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB, IL: interleukin, PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1, PGE2: prostaglandin E2, ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.