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. 2022 Dec 14;613(7942):130–137. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — The map shows the geographic distribution of the mean ratio of the total excess deaths to total reported COVID-19 deaths for years 2020 and 2021 across all 194 WHO member states. The darker the colour the higher the estimated mean ratio. The patterns indicate the quality of the all-cause mortality data that were available for each respective country with the solid pattern showing full or partial data, dots for mixed data and diagonal lines for no data.

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