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. 2022 Dec 14;613(7942):120–129. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05534-y

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a, TGFβ1 levels (pg µg^–1 ± s.e.m.) in corpus callosum normalized to the respective total protein. n = 7 mice per group. *P = 0.0150, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. b, Images of OLIG2⁺ cells (green) expressing TGFβR1 (white), (arrowheads) in 1-month-old mice. c, Mean OLIG2⁺TGFβR1⁺ cells ± s.e.m. n = 4 mice per group. *P = 0.0144, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. d, Mean percentage of OLIG2⁺ cells that are TGFβR1⁺ (black) or TGFβR1^– (grey) (± s.e.m.), *P = 0.0120 and *P = 0.0120, respectively, n = 3 mice per group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. e, Mice were treated with tamoxifen from P14 to P18 then assessed at 1 month. f, Images of Plp^creERT;Tgfbr1^fl/fl mice versus control. g, Images of Plp^creERT;Tgfbr1^fl/fl mice, indicating enlarged inner tongues (orange) and hypermyelination (asterisks) compared with control. h, Inner tongue thickness versus axon diameter. n = 100 axons per mouse, 3 mice per group. ***P < 0.0001, simple linear regression of intercepts. Plp^creERT;Tgfbr1^fl/fl versus wild type and versus Tgfbr1^fl/fl, ***P < 0.0001; wild type versus Tgfbr1^fl/fl, P = 0.3228; Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. i, Myelin thickness versus axon diameter. n = 100 axons per mouse, 3 mice per group. ***P < 0.0001, simple linear regression of slopes. Plp^creERT;Tgfbr1^fl/fl versus wild type, ***P = 0.0008 and versus Tgfbr1^fl/fl, ***P = 0.0001; wild type versus Tgfbr1^fl/fl, P > 0.9999 Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. j, Fire^Δ/Δ mice were treated with SRI-011381 hydrochloride (SRI; 30 mg kg^–1) or vehicle from 2–3 months of age. k, Images of Fire^Δ/Δ mice treated with vehicle or SRI-011381. l, Images of Fire^Δ/Δ mice treated with vehicle or SRI-011381 indicating inner tongue size (orange) and myelin thickness (asterisks). m, Inner tongue thickness versus axon diameter. n = 100 axons per mouse, and n = 3 vehicle treated and 4 SRI treated. ***P < 0.0001, simple linear regression of slopes. Vehicle versus SRI and versus Fire^+/+, ***P < 0.0001; SRI versus Fire^+/+, P = 0.0519, Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. n, Myelin thickness versus axon diameter. n = 100 axons per mouse, and n = 3 vehicle treated and 4 SRI treated. ***P < 0.0001, simple linear regression of slopes. Vehicle versus SRI and versus Fire^+/+, ***P < 0.0001; SRI versus Fire^+/+, P > 0.9999, Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. Scale bars, 1 µm (f,g,k,l) or 25 µm (b).

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