Table 3.

Some metabolic patterns as an effect of prediabetes, diabetes and metformin therapy in T2D (↑: up-regulated, ↓:down-regulated).

Prediabetes (25)	Diabetes (25)	Metformin in T2D (86)
Branch-chain amino acids ↑	Branch-chain amino acids	L-arginine ↓
Aromatic amino acids	Aromatic amino acids	guanidoacetic acid ↓
Glutamine/glutamate ratio	Glutamine/glutamate ratio	L-proline ↑
B-Hydroxybutyrate ↑	Mannose ↑	taurine ↓
	glucose ↑	L-alanine ↑
	sugar metabolites ↑	citruline ↓
	organic acid ↑	5-hydroxymethyluracil ↓
	1,5,Anhydroglucitol ↓	Salicylic acid ↑