Table 4.
Planning to quit cigarette smoking at follow-up as a function of vaping uptake between baseline and follow-up among adult daily cigarette smokers in the US, Canada, England, and Australia who had not vaped in the past six months at baseline, stratified by cigarette quit plans at baseline.
| Planning to Quit Smoking within the next 6 months at Follow-up (quitters included)2 |
Planning to Quit Smoking within the next 6 months at Follow-up (quitters excluded)3 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarette Quit Plans at Baseline1 | Vaping Uptake between Baseline and Follow-up (inter-wave vaping uptake) | n | % (95% CI) | AOR4 (95% CI) | Vaping Uptake between Baseline and Follow-up (inter-wave vaping uptake) | n | % (95% CI) | AOR4 (95% CI) |
|
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| Overall | Overall: N=3405 | 1130 | 34.7 (32.2,37.2) | - | Overall: n=3012 | 742 | 25.3 (23.0,27.7) | - |
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| Planning to quit within the next 6 months | Overall: n=897 | 612 | 70.4 (65.8,74.7) | - | Overall: n=742 | 457 | 63.3 (58.0,68.3) | - |
|
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| No vaping: n=540 | 359 | 69.9 (64.1,75.2) | ref | No vaping: n=460 | 279 | 63.9 (57.3,69.9) | ref | |
| Any vaping: n=357 | 253 | 71.1 (63.3,77.9) | 1.05 (0.66,1.67) | Any vaping: n=282 | 178 | 62.5 (53.5,70.7) | 0.92 (0.57,1.48) | |
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| No vaping: n=540 | 359 | 69.9 (64.1,75.2) | ref | No vaping: n=460 | 279 | 63.9 (57.3,69.9) | ref | |
| Nondaily vaping: n=215 | 150 | 74.2 (65.0,81.7) | 1.23 (0.72,2.09) | Nondaily vaping: n=178 | 113 | 67.1 (56.5,76.2) | 1.12 (0.65,1.93) | |
| Daily vaping: n=142 | 103 | 66.4 (52.6,77.9) | 0.82 (0.44,1.55) | Daily vaping: n=104 | 65 | 55.2 (40.1,69.3) | 0.66 (0.34,1.28) | |
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| Not planning to quit within the next 6 months (note: this group is the aggregate of the 3 groups beneath it) | Overall: n=2508 | 518 | 21.1 (18.8,23.7) | - | Overall: n=2270 | 285 | 14.4 (10.5,14.5) | - |
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| No vaping: n=1609 | 276 | 15.9 (13.6,18.6) | ref | No vaping: n=1495 | 164 | 9.8 (8.0,12.0) | ref | |
| Any vaping: n=899 | 242 | 30.6 (25.9,35.6) | 2.62 (1.90,3.63) † | Any vaping: n=775 | 121 | 17.4 (13.5,22.2) | 2.03 (1.36,3.03) ‡ | |
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| No vaping: n=1609 | 276 | 15.9 (13.6,18.6) | ref | No vaping: n=1495 | 164 | 9.8 (8.0,12.0) | ref | |
| Nondaily vaping: n=588 | 119 | 20.3 (15.9,25.6) | 1.45 (1.01,2.10) ‡ | Nondaily vaping: n=544 | 77 | 14.1 (10.7,18.5) | 1.55 (1.03,2.32) | |
| Daily vaping: n=311 | 123 | 49.8 (41.1,58.4) | 6.32 (4.17,9.59) † | Daily vaping: n=231 | 44 | 25.9 (16.5,38.2) | 3.61 (1.92,6.79) † | |
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| Planning to quit sometime in the future, beyond 6 months | Overall: n=1102 | 341 | 30.8 (26.9,35.0) | - | Overall: n=973 | 213 | 21.0 (17.6,24.9) | - |
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| No vaping: n=631 | 171 | 24.8 (20.5,29.6) | ref | No vaping: n=578 | 118 | 18.6 (14.7,23.2) | ref | |
| Any vaping: n=471 | 170 | 39.1 (32.4,46.2) | 2.18 (1.45,3.27) ‡ | Any vaping: n=395 | 95 | 24.8 (18.9,31.7) | 1.43 (0.90,2.28) | |
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| No vaping: n=631 | 171 | 24.8 (20.5,29.6) | ref | No vaping: n=578 | 118 | 18.6 (14.7,23.2) | ref | |
| Nondaily vaping: n=308 | 91 | 29.9 (22.8,38.1) | 1.41 (0.89,2.23) | Nondaily vaping: n=278 | 62 | 22.1 (16.1,29.4) | 1.24 (0.75,2.04) | |
| Daily vaping: n=163 | 79 | 56.5 (45.0,67.3) | 4.52 (2.63,7.77) † | Daily vaping: n=117 | 33 | 31.9 (19.5,47.5) | 2.02(0.98,4.18)‡ | |
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| Not planning to quit | Overall: n=937 | 95 | 11.0 (8.0,15.0) | - | Overall: n=869 | 31 | 4.5 (2.5,8.0) | - |
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| No vaping: n=682 | 58 | 8.4 (5.5,12.4) | ref | No vaping: n=642 | 20 | 2.6 (1.4,4.7) | ref | |
| Any vaping: n=255 | 37 | 18.0 (11.0,28.1) | 3.05 (1.44,6.47) ‡ | Any vaping: n=227 | 11 | 9.8 (3.9,22.4) | 5.07 (1.84,13.93) ‡ | |
|
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| No vaping: n=682 | 58 | 8.4 (5.5,12.4) | ref | No vaping: n=642 | 20 | 2.6 (1.4,4.7) | ref | |
| Nondaily vaping: n=161 | 9 | 4.5 (1.9,10.5) | 0.72 (0.25,2.06) | Nondaily vaping: n=156 | 5 | 3.7 (1.3,10.1) | 2.41 (0.73,7.98) | |
| Daily vaping: n=94 | 28 | 40.4 (24.7,58.5) | 10.12 (4.46,22.93) † | Daily vaping: n=71 | 6 | 22.9 (7.5,52.0) | 11.65 (3.48,38.99) † | |
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| Unknown plans to quit5 | Overall: n=469 | 82 | 16.3 (12.2,21.3) | - | Overall: n=428 | 41 | 6.7 (4.5,9.9) | - |
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| No vaping: n=296 | 47 | 12.4 (8.5,17.8) | ref | No vaping: n=275 | 26 | 6.1 (3.7,9.9) | ref | |
| Any vaping: n=173 | 35 | 23.5 (15.6,33.9) | 2.35 (1.12,4.94) | Any vaping: n=153 | 15 | 8.0 (4.2,14.8) | 1.28 (0.49,3.34) | |
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| No vaping: n=296 | 47 | 12.4 (8.5,17.8) | ref | No vaping: n=275 | 26 | 6.1 (3.7,9.9) | ref | |
| Nondaily vaping: n=119 | 19 | 14.4 (8.1,24.5) | 1.34 (0.61,2.95) | Nondaily vaping: n=110 | 10 | 6.9 (3.3,14.1) | 1.22 (0.46,3.26) | |
| Daily vaping: n=54 | 16 | 43.9 (26.9,62.4) | 5.45 (2.18,13.58) † | Daily vaping: n=43 | 5 | 11.6 (3.4,32.8) | 1.44 (0.29,7.27)† | |
Table 4 notes: ns are unweighted and reflect the number of observations; %s, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) are weighted.
GEE logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between uptake of vaping (between baseline and follow-up) and planning to quit cigarette smoking at follow-up among adult daily cigarette smokers who had not vaped in the past six months at baseline, stratified by plans to quit smoking at baseline, over two periods of time (i.e., Wave 1–Wave 2, and Wave 2–Wave 3), including up to two sets of observations per individual and statistically controlling for the correlation among observations contributed by the same individuals.
Those who were planning to quit within the next 6 months at baseline includes those who were planning to quit within one month at baseline and those who were planning to quit between 1–6 months at baseline; the numerator of the outcome for this group reflects maintaining quit plans. The numerators of the outcome for the other baseline quit intentions group reflect changing to have quit plans.
Planning to quit smoking within the next 6 months at follow-up was coded yes for those who were not smoking at least monthly and were not asked about their quitting plans (so as to retain in the analysis those who had quit smoking).
Those who had quit smoking were excluded from analysis.
Analyses were adjusted for country, biological sex, race/ethnicity (white, non-white), age group (18–24, 25–39, 40–54, 55+ years), SES (low, moderate, high), cigarettes smoked per day, time in sample, and wave; all covariates were assessed at baseline; GEE models were fitted specifying the unstructured covariance and within-person correlation matrices.
Model convergence not achieved for those with unknown plans to quit (for any model)
Association is significantly different from analogous association among those planning to quit within the next 6 months (p=<0.01 for interaction).
Association is significantly different from analogous association among those planning to quit within the next 6 months (p=<0.05 for interaction).