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. 2022 Jun 2;44(1):145–156. doi: 10.1038/s41401-022-00921-7

Fig. 4. Oral administration of CAPE reduces ceramide and promotes GLP-1 secretion.

Fig. 4

a The total serum ceramide levels in vehicle- and CAPE-treated Fxrfl/fl and FxrΔIE mice after 8 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 5). b The individual serum ceramide levels in vehicle- and CAPE-treated Fxrfl/fl and FxrΔIE mice after 8 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 5). c The total ileal ceramide levels in vehicle- and CAPE-treated Fxrfl/fl and FxrΔIE mice after 8 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 5). d The individual ileal ceramide levels in vehicle- and CAPE-treated Fxrfl/fl and FxrΔIE mice after 8 weeks of HFD feeding (n = 5). e The serum total GLP-1 in vehicle- or CAPE-treated Fxrfl/fl and FxrΔIE mice in the fed or fasted plus glucose state (n = 5). f The serum active GLP-1 in vehicle- or CAPE-treated Fxrfl/fl and FxrΔIE mice in the fed or fasted plus glucose state (n = 5). Data are presented as the means ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t-test: *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.