Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 1700) |
|---|---|
| Age (in years), mean (SD) [minimum-maximum] | 63.30 (8.02) [50-80] |
| Sex, n (%) female | 924 (54%) |
| Hispanic or Latino Ethnic background | 40 (2%) |
| Racial background | |
| White | 1562 (92%) |
| Black or African American | 65 (4%) |
| Asian | 54 (3%) |
| Other | 19 (1%) |
| Education | |
| High school or less | 393 (23%) |
| Associate degree, technical or trade school | 384 (23%) |
| Bachelor’s degree (BA, BS) | 530 (31%) |
| Graduate degree (MA, MS, MBA, PhD, JD, MD) | 393 (23%) |
| Health insurance | |
| Employer-provided insurance | 593 (35%) |
| Self-purchased insurance | 153 (9%) |
| Veterans Affairs/military healthcare | 92 (5%) |
| Medicare | 833 (49%) |
| Medicaid or another state program | 137 (8%) |
| Other | 12 (1%) |
| None | 66 (4%) |
| Doctor ever recommended screening tests (yes) | 1569 (92%) |
| Past cancer screening experience (yes) | 1331 (78%) |
| Past cancer screenings received (n = 1331) | |
| Colonoscopy | 1059 (62%) |
| Cologuard® or other stool-based colon cancer screening test (fecal immunochemical test) | 393 (23%) |
| Low-dose computed tomography | 117 (7%) |
| Mammogram | 739 (43%) |
| Pap smeara | 702 (76%) |
| Prostate-specific antigen testingb | 369 (48%) |
| Other | 23 (1%) |
| Blood testc | 5 (0%) |
| BRCA testingc | 2 (0%) |
| Ever received positive result on cancer screening test (yes) [n = 1331] | 266 (20%) |
| Ever received false-positive result on cancer screening test (yes) [n = 266] | 100 (38%) |
| Ever been diagnosed with cancer in past (yes) | 173 (10%) |
| Family history of cancer (yes) | 1056 (62%) |
| Family history of cancer diagnosed before age of 50 years (yes) | 312 (30%) |
| Visit to any type of doctor within past 12 months (yes) | 1475 (87%) |
| Overall health in past 12 months | |
| Very good | 428 (25%) |
| Good | 899 (53%) |
| Fair | 327 (19%) |
| Poor | 37 (2%) |
| Very poor | 9 (1%) |
| Factors influencing choice to receive screening tests | |
| Out of pocket cost | 466 (27%) |
| Doctor recommendation | 1203 (71%) |
| Family history of cancer | 929 (55%) |
| Finding out a friend/acquaintance has cancer | 114 (7%) |
| General health status | 612 (36%) |
| How healthy I feel | 406 (24%) |
| Insurance coverage | 702 (41%) |
| Potential side effects/harms of the screening or follow-up testing | 335 (20%) |
| Presence of symptoms | 969 (57%) |
| Worry/peace of mind | 677 (40%) |
| Other | 5 (0%) |
| Agec | 5 (0%) |
| Ease/convenience of testc | 4 (0%) |
| Willingness to receive any type of cancer screening in future | |
| Yes | 1452 (85%) |
| No, I do not plan to get any cancer screenings | 92 (5%) |
| I don’t know/unsure | 156 (9%) |
Q1 first quartile, Q3 third quartile, SD standard deviation
aPercent has been adjusted for sex to reflect the proportion of female participants receiving a Pap smear (702/924)
bPercent has been adjusted for sex to reflect the proportion of male participants receiving prostate specific antigen testing (369/776)
cRetrieved from text answers