Table 2.
The odds of bullous pemphigoid following exposure to different DPP4i agents
| Disease | Prevalence in diabetic BP patients, n (%) | Prevalence in diabetic controls, n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) [P value] | Male-specific OR (95%CI) [P value] | Female-specific OR (95%CI) [P value] | ≥ 78.6 years-specific OR (95%CI) [P value] | < 78.6 years-specific OR (95%CI) [P value] | Adjusted OR (95%CI)a [P value] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall DPP4ia,b | 322 (22.1%) | 823 (13.6%) | 1.80 (1.56–2.08) [< 0.001] | 1.97 (1.61–2.40) [< 0.001] | 1.63 (1.32–2.01) [< 0.001] | 1.68 (1.36–2.06) [< 0.001] | 1.92 (1.57–2.34) [< 0.001] | 1.86 (1.61–2.16) [< 0.001] |
| Sitagliptina,b | 234 (17.3%) | 642 (11.8%) | 1.56 (1.33–1.84) [< 0.001] | 1.57 (1.25–1.98) [< 0.001] | 1.55 (1.23–1.95) [< 0.001] | 1.44 (1.14–1.82) [0.002] | 1.67 (1.33–2.09) [< 0.001] | 1.60 (1.36–1.88) [< 0.001] |
| Vildagliptina,b | 134 (9.4%) | 174 (2.9%) | 3.40 (2.69–4.29) [< 0.001] | 3.69 (2.71–5.04) [< 0.001] | 3.04 (2.13–4.33) [< 0.001] | 2.97 (2.09–4.22) [< 0.001] | 3.74 (2.73–5.12) [< 0.001] | 3.47 (2.75–4.39) [< 0.001] |
| Linagliptina,b | 12 (0.9%) | 80 (1.4%) | 0.61 (0.33–1.13) [0.113] | 0.85 (0.41–1.76) [0.662] | 0.33 (0.10–1.08) [0.054] | 0.67 (0.30–1.50) [0.327] | 0.55 (0.22–1.41) [0.209] | 0.68 (0.26–1.75) [0.425] |
| Saxagliptina,b | 7 (0.5%) | 21 (0.3%) | 1.39 (0.59–3.27) [0.451] | 1.63 (0.51–5.20) [0.408] | 1.16 (0.32–4.17) [0.821] | 1.60 (0.56–4.37) [0.385] | 1.12 (0.23–5.42) [0.884] | 1.35 (0.28–6.57) [0.714] |
BP bullous pemphigoid; N Number; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval. DPP4i Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor
Significant values are in bold
aMultivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and comorbidities (per CCI)
b65 patients were managed by more than a single DPP4i agent
cPatients managed by these drugs after the onset of BP (in cases) and recruitment (in controls) were omitted from the analysis