Fig. 2.

Chemotherapeutic agent-driven differentiation modulates the cytokine and chemokine production of macrophages. CD14⁺ monocytes were cultured with 50 ng/ml recombinant M-CSF (for macrophages) in the presence of cisplatin/oxaliplatin/doxorubicin or epirubicin for five days. The concentration of secreted IL-10, IP-10, IL-8 production of macrophageswas detected by ELISA on day five of differentiation. On day 5 of in vitro macrophage differentiation the cells were activated by 1 μg/ml CL-075 for 24 h obtained from InvivoGen (Toulouse, France). In the statistical analysis, ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used for the comparison. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05. Significance was indicated as #p < 0.05 compared to untreated control cells and as *p < 0.05 compared to the chemotherapeutic agent-treated counterparts