Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Jan 4;14:51. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35658-8

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5 — a Cerebro-cerebellar cosine similarity throughout task sequences that do not require intermediate external feedback: a simple line drawing with feedback only at the end of the task (LD end-only) and online visual discrimination (ns denotes not significant: simple LD visuomotor p = 0.212 (0%), p = 0.520 (25%); online LD visuomotor p = 0.312 (0%), p = 0.06 (25%), p = 0.067 (50%), p = 0.386 (60%). Here and in subsequent panels, red arrows indicate points in which external feedback is available. Cosine similarity throughout the tasks is calculated across all training sessions (see the “Methods” section). b Cerebro-cerebellar cosine similarity over learning for three-time points in the task: early (turquoise), mid (blue) and late (purple) in the task (cf. a). c Cerebro-cerebellar cosine similarity throughout the sequence for tasks with intermediate external feedback: simple line drawing (LD), online LD, online digitdrawing (DD). d Cerebro-cerebellar cosine similarity over learning for three different time points in the task (early, mid and late as in b). Dashed black line represents zero similarity. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (two-sided paired t-test between cosine similarity and zero). Error bars represent mean ± SEM across 10 different initial conditions (20 for the simple LD visuomotor end-only task). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.