TABLE 4.

Enrichment of GABA by microbial fermentation.

Strain	Enrichment method	Treatment conditions	GABA concentration (g/L)	References
Lactobacillus bulgaricus L2	UV mutagenesis	Irradiation by 18 W ultraviolet lamp, at 45 cm for 50 s	1.3392	(161)
Streptococcus thermophilus	Fermentation	Culture in MRS medium at 37°C for 48 h	2.8	(162)
Lactobacillus plantarum CICC 6238	UV mutagenesis	Irradiation by 30 W ultraviolet lamp at 25 cm for 9 s	1.196	(110)
Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 260	Fermentation	Culture in MRS medium at 37°C for 60 h	0.809	(163)
Lentinula edodes	Malolactic fermentation	In MRS medium, shiitake stalk is activated once at 37°C and 150 rpm/min for 16−20 h, and co-activated for 3 times	0.191	(164)
Lactobacillus Plantarum Lac.1	Co-culture	MonascusSM048 at 30°C, 200 rpm/min, after 7 days of culture,	0.52	(165)
Monascus SM048		Lactobacillus is inoculated and incubated at 30°C for 120 h
Monascus	Fermentation	Shake-flask at 29°C, 200 rpm/min for 6 days	22.373	(166)
Monascus M-6	Fermentation	fermentation at pH 5.0, 40°C, 120 rpm/min, for 48 h	7.826	(167)
Saccharomyces mutant	Fermentation	Inoculate at concentration of 4% and incubate at 30°C, 220 rpm for 4 days	2.588	(168)
Candida glabra GPT-5-11	Fermentation	Incubate at 37°C, pH 6.5 for 48 h	2.58	(169)
Monascus CH-1	Fermentation	Inoculate at concentration of 17% and incubate at 30°C for 9 days; the substrate is added with 0.10 g of sodium glutamate	1930 (mg/kg)	(170)
Lactobacillus brevis GABA100	Co-culture		2.5 × 108 (CFU/mL)	(171)
Bifidobacterium BGN4		Incubate at 30°C, 195−200 rpm, anaerobic condition for 6 days	8.7 × 106 (CFU/mL)