. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Lang. 2022 Jul 5;50(4):981–1004. doi: 10.1017/S0305000922000307

Table 10.

Hierarchical Regression Models Testing the Effect of Expressive Vocabulary on Code-Switching, Controlling for Degree of English Language Dominance (N = 34)

Predictor	ΔR²	β
Model 1: Predicting frequency of CS during English conversations at 2;6
Step 1	.58^***
Degree of English dominance		−.76^***
Step 2	.05
Degree of English dominance		−1.02^***
English EOWPVT		0.33
Total R²	.63^***
Model 2: Predicting frequency of CS during English conversations at 3;6
Step 1	.30^***
Degree of English dominance		−.55^***
Step 2	.003
Degree of English dominance		−.49^*
English EOWPVT		−.08
Total R²	.30^**
Model 3: Predicting frequency of CS during Spanish conversations at 2;6
Step 1	.54^***
Degree of English dominance		.73^***
Step 2	.001
Degree of English dominance		.76^***
Spanish EOWPVT		.03
Total R²	.54^***
Model 4: Predicting frequency of CS during Spanish conversations at 3;6
Step 1	.66^***
Degree of English dominance		.81^***
Step 2	.032
Degree of English dominance		.62^***
Spanish EOWPVT		−.26
Total R²	.69^***

Note. CS = code-switching.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001