Table 4.

Code-Switching Types, Definitions, and Examples

Code-switching type	Coding definition	Example
Within-utterance	An utterance that contains words from two languages	Father: Qué? (“What?”) Child: Where the rinoceronte? (“rhinoceros”) Father: Rinoceronte acá. (“Rhinoceros here.”)
Within-turn	An utterance wholly in a different language than the previous utterance in the same speaker turn	Father: Y este? (“And this?”) Child: Este? (“This?”) Child: Monkey.
Across-speaker	An utterance wholly in a different language than the previous utterance by a different speaker	Mother: Cuál es ese? (“Which one is that?”) Child: A seal!

Note. English translation provided in italics. Code-switched utterances are bolded.