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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Child Lang. 2022 Jul 5;50(4):981–1004. doi: 10.1017/S0305000922000307

Table 8.

Zero-order Correlations Between Predictors and the Frequency of Code-Switching at 2;6 and 3;6

Predictor Frequency of code-switching during Spanish-designated conversations

2;6 years 3;6 years

Spanish EOWPVT score −.45** −.71***

Degree of English dominance score .73*** .81***

Interlocutor’s CDS complexity in Spanish1 −.19 −.41*

Percent exposure to mixed language2 .04 −.07

Parental Language Mixing Score when speaking Spanish3 −.42* −.28

Frequency of code-switching during English-designated conversations

2;6 years 3;6 years

English EOWPVT score −.45** −.43**

Degree of English dominance score −.76*** −.55***

Interlocutor’s CDS complexity in English1 −.28 −.004

Percent exposure to mixed language2 −.56* .04

Parental Language Mixing Score when speaking English4 .28 .14

Note. N = 34.

1

CDS = child-directed speech.

2

n = 20.

3

n = 30.

4

n = 29.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001