Table 3.
Average changes in parameters of primary and secondary outcomes during treatment based on a mixed-effects model analysis.
| Parameter (unit) | Average change (95% CI) | P-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | Control | Difference | Interaction | |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Body weight (kg) | 0.06 (− 0.33; 0.45) | − 0.37 (− 0.78; 0.05) | 0.14 | 0.46 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | − 0.01 (− 0.17; 0.15) | − 0.18 (− 0.35; − 0.01) | 0.14 | 0.59 |
| Glucose metabolism | ||||
| FPG (mg/dL) | − 27.2 (− 37.7; − 16.8) | 0.50 (− 10.3; 11.3) | < 10−3 | 0.81 |
| GA (%) | − 2.39 (− 2.97; − 1.81) | − 0.93 (− 1.53; − 0.32) | < 10−3 | 0.65 |
| HbA1c (%) | − 0.61 (− 0.77; − 0.45) | − 0.29 (− 0.46; − 0.12) | < 0.01 | 0.45 |
| Insulin (μU/mL)a | − 0.98 (− 2.07; 0.11) | 0.68 (− 0.44; 1.80) | 0.04 | 0.49 |
| Proinsulin (pmol/L)a | − 4.33 (− 7.84; − 0.82) | − 2.20 (− 5.79; 1.39) | 0.43 | 0.10 |
| Renal function | ||||
| Cr (mg/dL) | 0.04 (0.03; 0.05) | − 0.01 (− 0.02; 0.01) | < 10−4 | 0.12 |
| CysC (mg/L) | 0.05 (0.03; 0.07) | 0.00 (− 0.02; 0.02) | < 0.01 | 0.23 |
| Cr-based eGFR | − 3.13 (− 4.30; − 1.96) | 0.66 (− 0.55; 1.88) | < 10−4 | 0.10 |
| CysC-based eGFR | − 3.89 (− 5.30; − 2.48) | 0.17 (− 1.29; 1.63) | < 10−4 | 0.34 |
| uACR (mg/g Cr) | − 19.6 (− 67.9; 28.6) | 21.1 (− 29.1; 71.3) | 0.27 | 0.39 |
| ln[uACR] | − 0.21 (− 0.35; − 0.06) | 0.06 (− 0.09; 0.21) | 0.01 | 0.95 |
*‘Difference’ indicates the average change in parameters of primary and secondary outcomes caused by a specific treatment. ‘Interaction’ occurs when the length of treatment affected the average change in a selected parameter. aFollow-up measurements were performed at 3 and 6 months. BMI body mass index, Cr creatinine, CysC Cystatin C, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2), FPG fasting plasma glucose, GA glycated albumin, ln[uACR] logarithmic urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, uACR urinary albumin-creatinine ratio.