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. 2022 Dec 22;13:1056272. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056272

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Copyright © 2022 Peng, Liu, Hu, Chang, Wu, Yang, Chen, Teng, Zhang, He, Wei, Bostina, Luo, Liu, Qu and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A proportion of serum antibodies from COVID-19 convalescents had binding activity to MERS-CoV spike S2 subunit and neutralized spike pseudoviruses. (A) A proportion of COVID-19 sera showed binding activity to MERS-CoV spike (S) extracellular domain (ECD). Sera from COVID-19 convalescents (n=60) and healthy control (HC) blood donors (n=165) (both at 1:1000 dilution) were tested for binding to MERS-CoV S ECD by ELISA. The percentage of sera binding to MERS-CoV S ECD are shown. Data are the average values from two independent experiments. (B) The percentage of sera from COVID-19 convalescents or HC reacted with MERS-CoV S1 and/or S2. (C) Endpoint titer of serum IgGs from COVID-19 convalescents against MERS-CoV S2. (D) Correlation coefficient of endpoint titers for antibodies reactive with MERS-CoV S2 and SARS-CoV-2 S2. Pearson’s correlation, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. (E) Avidity of COVID-19 convalescent serum antibody to MERS-CoV S2 and SARS-CoV-2 S2. (F) Dynamics of COVID-19 convalescent serum antibody after discharge. Binding activity of COVID-19 serum antibody against MERS-CoV S2 subunit was examined after discharge, at the 2^nd month (n=60), the 5^th month (n=39), the 8^th month (n=36), and 12^th month (n=43). (G) Endpoint titers of COVID-19 convalescent serum antibody for MERS-CoV S2 after discharge from hospital. The convalescent sera were tested at the 2^nd month (n=34), the 5^th month (n=10), the 8^th month (n=8), and 12^th month (n=6). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test was used. (H) The percentage of COVID-19 convalescent serum IgG antibody with neutralizing activity for MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudoviruses. ID₅₀>40 was considered positive for neutralization (21.67% [13/60] and 45% [27/60], respectively). (I) Neutralization titers of 13 COVID-19 convalescent serum antibodies for MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudoviruses. ID₅₀>40 was considered positive for neutralization. For panels C, D, and G, endpoint titers were log₁₀-transformed; for panels C, E, G and I, data are median ± IQR (25–75%) and the error bars indicate median with interquartile range (IQR).