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. 2023 Jan 5;26(3):357–369. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.193

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© 2013 United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Representative histopathological findings in lung sections following hematoxylin–eosin (HE) (a, c, e) or Elastica–Masson Goldner staining (d). Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect type A influenza virus nucleoprotein antigen (InfA-NP) (b). In situ hybridization AT-tailing (ISH-AT) (f–h) was also used. (a) Exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage in Case 1. (b) InfA-NP antigen (brown) was detected in the nucleus (arrow head, upper inset) or cytoplasm (arrow, lower inset) of alveolar epithelial cells for Case 1. (c) Exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage in case 3. (d) Elastica–Masson Goldner staining showed hyaline membrane formation (red) for case 3. (e) Proliferative phase of diffuse alveolar damage. The numbers of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were increased in the alveolar septa and alveolar space in case 4. (f) ISH-AT using an antisense H5N1 nucleoprotein (NP) probe was able to detect H5N1 mRNA. (g) ISH-AT with a sense H5N1 NP probe detected H5N1 genomic RNA. (h) ISH-AT using an antisense rabies virus nucleocapsid probe as a negative control. Original magnifications, × 10 (c, d), × 20 (a, b), × 40 (b, inset, f–h).

Representative histopathological findings in lung sections following hematoxylin–eosin (HE) (a, c, e) or Elastica–Masson Goldner staining (d). Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect type A influenza virus nucleoprotein antigen (InfA-NP) (b). In situ hybridization AT-tailing (ISH-AT) (f–h) was also used. (a) Exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage in Case 1. (b) InfA-NP antigen (brown) was detected in the nucleus (arrow head, upper inset) or cytoplasm (arrow, lower inset) of alveolar epithelial cells for Case 1. (c) Exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage in case 3. (d) Elastica–Masson Goldner staining showed hyaline membrane formation (red) for case 3. (e) Proliferative phase of diffuse alveolar damage. The numbers of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were increased in the alveolar septa and alveolar space in case 4. (f) ISH-AT using an antisense H5N1 nucleoprotein (NP) probe was able to detect H5N1 mRNA. (g) ISH-AT with a sense H5N1 NP probe detected H5N1 genomic RNA. (h) ISH-AT using an antisense rabies virus nucleocapsid probe as a negative control. Original magnifications, × 10 (c, d), × 20 (a, b), × 40 (b, inset, f–h).