Table 2.
Participants’ subjective ratings of proficiency [Mean (SD)].
| HS (N = 20) |
HEB-D (N = 20) |
ENG-D (N = 20) |
Group differences | Tukey HSD Post hoc analysis for multiple comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English proficiency in reading (1–7) | 6.4 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.6) | 7 (0) | F(2,57) = 163.8, p < 0.001 | HEB-D < HS < ENG-D |
| English proficiency in writing (1–7) | 6.3 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.7) | 7 (0) | F(2,57) = 186.2, p < 0.001 | HEB-D < HS < ENG-D |
| English proficiency in comprehending (1–7) | 7 (0) | 5.5 (0.4) | 7 (0) | F(2,57) = 161.4, p < 0.001 | HEB-D < (ENG-D=HS) |
| English proficiency in speaking (1–7) | 6.6 (0.4) | 4.5 (0.4) | 7 (0) | F(2,57) = 202, p < 0.001 | HEB-D < HS < ENG-D |
| Total English proficiency (4–28) | 26.3 (1.4) | 18.2 (0) | 28 (0) | F(2,57) = 249.3, p < 0.001 | HEB-D < HS < ENG-D |
| Hebrew proficiency in reading (1–7) | 7 (0) | 7 (0) | 4.2 (0.8) | F(2,57) = 209, p < 0.001 | ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS) |
| Hebrew proficiency in writing (1–7) | 7 (0) | 7 (0) | 4 (0.8) | F(2,57) = 255.4, p < 0.001 | ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS) |
| Hebrew proficiency in comprehending (1–7) | 7 (0) | 7 (0) | 6.1 (0.5) | F(2,57) = 53.07, p < 0.001 | ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS) |
| Hebrew proficiency in speaking (1–7) | 7 (0) | 7 (0) | 5.3 (0.8) | F(2,57) = 77.34, p < 0.001 | ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS) |
| Total Hebrew proficiency (4–28) | 28 (0) | 28 (0) | 19.7 (2.7) | F(2,57) = 169.8, p < 0.001 | ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS) |
| Degree of accentedness in English (1–7) | 1.3 (0.4) | 6.2 (0.6) | 1 (0) | F(2,57) = 829.2, p < 0.001 | (HS = ENG-D) < HEB-D |
| Degree of accentedness in Hebrew (1–7) | 1 (0) | 1(0) | 5 (0.9) | F(2,57) = 328.9, p < 0.001 | (HS=HEB-D) < ENG-D |
| Current exposure to English (0–100) | 29 (7.6) | 0 (0) | 69 (7.6) | F(2,57) = 579.8, p < 0.001 | HEB-D < HS < ENG-D |
| Current exposure to Hebrew (0–100) | 71 (7.6) | 100 (0) | 31 (7.6) | F(2,57) = 579.8, p < 0.001 | ENG-D < HS < HEB-D |