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. 2022 Dec 22;13:1017715. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017715

Table 2.

Participants’ subjective ratings of proficiency [Mean (SD)].

HS
(N = 20)
HEB-D
(N = 20)
ENG-D
(N = 20)
Group differences Tukey HSD Post hoc analysis for multiple comparisons
English proficiency in reading (1–7) 6.4 (0.5) 4.2 (0.6) 7 (0) F(2,57) = 163.8, p < 0.001 HEB-D < HS < ENG-D
English proficiency in writing (1–7) 6.3 (0.5) 3.8 (0.7) 7 (0) F(2,57) = 186.2, p < 0.001 HEB-D < HS < ENG-D
English proficiency in comprehending (1–7) 7 (0) 5.5 (0.4) 7 (0) F(2,57) = 161.4, p < 0.001 HEB-D < (ENG-D=HS)
English proficiency in speaking (1–7) 6.6 (0.4) 4.5 (0.4) 7 (0) F(2,57) = 202, p < 0.001 HEB-D < HS < ENG-D
Total English proficiency (4–28) 26.3 (1.4) 18.2 (0) 28 (0) F(2,57) = 249.3, p < 0.001 HEB-D < HS < ENG-D
Hebrew proficiency in reading (1–7) 7 (0) 7 (0) 4.2 (0.8) F(2,57) = 209, p < 0.001 ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS)
Hebrew proficiency in writing (1–7) 7 (0) 7 (0) 4 (0.8) F(2,57) = 255.4, p < 0.001 ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS)
Hebrew proficiency in comprehending (1–7) 7 (0) 7 (0) 6.1 (0.5) F(2,57) = 53.07, p < 0.001 ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS)
Hebrew proficiency in speaking (1–7) 7 (0) 7 (0) 5.3 (0.8) F(2,57) = 77.34, p < 0.001 ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS)
Total Hebrew proficiency (4–28) 28 (0) 28 (0) 19.7 (2.7) F(2,57) = 169.8, p < 0.001 ENG-D < (HEB-D=HS)
Degree of accentedness in English (1–7) 1.3 (0.4) 6.2 (0.6) 1 (0) F(2,57) = 829.2, p < 0.001 (HS = ENG-D) < HEB-D
Degree of accentedness in Hebrew (1–7) 1 (0) 1(0) 5 (0.9) F(2,57) = 328.9, p < 0.001 (HS=HEB-D) < ENG-D
Current exposure to English (0–100) 29 (7.6) 0 (0) 69 (7.6) F(2,57) = 579.8, p < 0.001 HEB-D < HS < ENG-D
Current exposure to Hebrew (0–100) 71 (7.6) 100 (0) 31 (7.6) F(2,57) = 579.8, p < 0.001 ENG-D < HS < HEB-D