Table 2.
Demographic and clinical data of the study population.
| Demographic and clinical data | Stroke patients (n = 22) | Controls (n = 4,481) | t/χ2/z | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.00 ± 9.10 | 57.85 ± 9.82 | t = −1.03 | 0.31 |
| Gender (male/female) | 3/19 | 1554/2927 | χ2 = 4.29 | 0.04** |
| Smoking (yes/never/quit) | 3/19/0 | 788/3599/94 | z = 0.17 | 0.86 |
| Alcohol consumption (never/heavier drinking/light drinking) | 19/2/1 | 3603/719/159 | z = 0.68 | 0.50 |
| Exercise (often/absent) | 9/13 | 2759/1722 | χ2 = 3.95 | 4.70×10–2** |
| Taste (salty/oily/sweet) | 2/7/13 | 594/1119/2768 | χ2 = 0.72 | 0.70 |
| Meat and vegetarian (balanced/more meat/vegetarian based) | 0/8/14 | 323/887/3271 | z = 1.58 | 0.11* |
| 6 taels of vegetables per day (basically every day/week<=2 days/other) | 14/6/2 | 2539/1224/718 | χ2 = 0.85 | 0.66 |
| 4 fruits per day (basically daily/week<=2 days/other) | 7/8/7 | 1711/1386/1384 | χ2 = 0.45 | 0.80 |
| Family history of stroke (yes/no/unknown) | 1/19/2 | 293/3915/273 | z = 0.28 | 0.78 |
| Family history of CHD (yes/no/unknown) | 0/20/2 | 164/4041/276 | z = 0.37 | 0.71 |
| Family history of hypertension (yes/no/unknown) | 6/14/2 | 1523/2671/287 | χ2 = 0.60 | 0.74 |
| Family history of diabetes (yes/no/unknown) | 3/17/2 | 464/3737/280 | z = 0.68 | 0.50 |
| History of cerebrovascular disease (yes/no) | 0/22 | 72/4409 | z < 0.01 | 1.00 |
| History of heart disease (yes/no) | 0/22 | 149/4332 | z < 0.01 | 1.00 |
| Frequency of blood pressure measurement (never/often/occasionally) | 2/5/15 | 496/1427/2558 | χ2 = 1.12 | 0.57 |
| History of hypertension (yes/no) | 9/13 | 1348/3133 | χ2 = 1.22 | 0.27 |
| Frequency of lipid measurements (never/regular/occasional) | 5/3/14 | 685/1148/2648 | χ2 = 2.10 | 0.35 |
| History of dyslipidemia (yes/no) | 0/22 | 365/4116 | χ2 = 1.01 | 0.31 |
| Blood glucose measurement frequency (never/regular/occasional) | 4/6/12 | 640/1229/2612 | χ2 = 0.29 | 0.87 |
| History of diabetes (yes/no) | 3/19 | 349/4132 | χ2 = 0.39 | 0.53 |
| BMI | 26.09 ± 3.16 | 24.45 ± 3.35 | t = −2.23 | 0.02** |
| Waist circumference | 85.91 ± 8.72 | 80.30 ± 9.07 | t = −2.90 | 3.80×10–3** |
| SBP | 135.80 ± 17.98 | 131.20 ± 14.45 | t = −1.50 | 0.13* |
| DBP | 83.11 ± 8.25 | 81.19 ± 8.89 | t = −1.01 | 0.31 |
| Heart murmur (yes/no) | 0/22 | 9/4472 | z < 0.01 | 1.00 |
| Arrhythmia (no/yes) | 22/0 | 4399/82 | z < 0.01 | 1.00 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.22 ± 1.10 | 5.31 ± 1.23 | t = 0.34 | 0.73 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.41 ± 0.44 | 5.53 ± 0.96 | t = 1.30 | 0.21 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.82 ± 0.88 | 4.71 ± 1.09 | t = −0.43 | 0.66 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.28 | 1.36 ± 0.38 | t = 0.31 | 0.76 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.76 ± 0.81 | 2.65 ± 0.96 | t = −0.54 | 0.59 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.58 ± 0.64 | 1.55 ± 0.96 | t = −0.21 | 0.84 |
| Homocysteine | 8.54 ± 8.27 | 9.68 ± 6.62 | t = 0.80 | 0.42 |
| VAI | 2.31 ± 1.28 | 2.08 ± 1.78 | t = −0.60 | 0.55 |
| CVAI | 113.00 ± 26.71 | 91.46 ± 34.24 | t = −2.95 | 3.20×10–3** |
| Triglyceride-glucose index | 8.70 ± 0.50 | 8.63 ± 0.57 | t = −0.58 | 0.57 |
| Waist-height ratio | 0.55 ± 0.07 | 0.50 ± 0.06 | t = −3.81 | 1.41×10–4** |
Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD and were statistically examined using two independent samples T-test. Categorical data were statistically examined using Chi-square test (χ2 and P-value) and Fisher’s exact test (z and P-value). CHD, coronary heart disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VAI, visceral adiposity index; CVAI, Chinese visceral adiposity index.
*
P < 0.15.
**
P < 0.05.