Fig. 13.

Nanomaterials-based scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. A) Schematic illustration for 3D scaffold preparation. (i) Macroscopic images and histological analysis of cartilage defect area from three groups at 12 weeks after surgery [130]. The images reproduced with the permission from American Chemical Society. B) Schematic diagrams of the 3D scaffold synthesis and their application for cartilage tissue engineering. (ii) Gross view and histological evaluation of repaired region at 6 and 12 weeks postsurgery [131]. The images reproduced with the permission from American Chemical Society. C) Schematic of KGN-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, the surgical procedure for the cartilage defects repair and the hyaline cartilage chondrogenesis with photo-crosslinked HA scaffold encapsulated with KGN-loaded nanoparticles. (iii) Results of in vivo cartilage defects repair using KGN-loaded photo-cross-linkable scaffold [133]. The images reproduced with the permission from American Chemical Society.