Fig. 23.

Nanomaterials for chemotherapy of bone metastasis. A) Bone-targeted nanoplatform combining zoledronate and photothermal therapy to treat breast cancer bone metastasis. (i) CT images of tibias from different angles and micrographs of H&E-stained tibias [259]. The images reproduced with the permission from American Chemical Society. B) Schematic illustration of the synthesis of theranostic bone-targeting Gd(III)-doped upconversion nanoparticles PUCZP [260]. The image reproduced with the permission from American Chemical Society. C) The formation of ALN-NPs and the mechanism of combining bone targeting and pH-responsive release of bortezomib based on aryl boronate linkage for anti-metastasis therapy [261]. The image reproduced with the permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry. D) Direct anticancer activity of Fol-targeted CaZol nMOFs against a Fol-receptor-overexpressed cancer cell [239]. The image reproduced with the permission from Elsevier Ltd.