Fig. 28.

Nanomaterials for bone fracture therapy. A) Schematic representation of TRAP-binding peptide-functionalized NPs for targeted delivery of β-catenin agonist for fracture healing [313]. The image reproduced with the permission from American Chemical Society. B) Bone-targeting SAA liposome for delayed fracture union. (i) Representative Safranin O and H&E staining of fracture callus at 18th day post closed femoral fracture. (ii) Series of representative lateral radiographs comparison of the fracture sites at 42 and 64 days post fracture of different treatment groups [314]. The images reproduced with the permission from Elsevier Inc. C) Experimental scheme exhibits the probable formation of TiO₂ incorporated Ge/CS biocomposite hydrogel structure. (iii) The FE-SEM morphological observations of prepared samples ((a) Chitosan, (b) TiO₂, (d) Gelatin/chitosan and (e) TiO2-Gel/CS bio-composites hydrogel) [316]. The images reproduced with the permission from Elsevier Ltd.