Fig. 7.

Other nanomaterials for biomedical imaging. A) Schematic illustration of TCZ-PNPs for NIR-II photoacoustic (PA) imaging and therapy of RA model mouse using a 1064 nm laser (i) MAP PA/US images of forepaws [35]. The images reproduced with the permission from Wiley-VCH GmbH. B). Schematic illustration of the preparation of PLL–MNPs and its mechanism diagnosing OA cartilage degeneration by PAI. (ii) Representative PA images of the knee joints before and after the intraarticular injection of the PLL–MNPs and PBS at different time points [73]. The images reproduced with the permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry. C) Schematic illustration of bone-targeting polymer vesicles for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of malignant bone tumor. (iii) SPECT/CT imaging of rabbits without and with tumor using 99mTc-labeled vesicles (left) and 99mTc-ADA (right) [74]. The images reproduced with the permission from Elsevier Ltd. D) The smart RGD-Bi₂S₃@MSN/DOX nanoplatform for OS real-time X-ray CT imaging. (iv) In vivo CT images of UMR-106 tumor-bearing nude mice recorded at 2 and 24 h after i. v. injection of the RGD–Bi₂S₃@MSN and Bi₂S₃@MSN. The tumor site is highlighted by the red circle [75]. The images reproduced with the permission from WILEY-VCH. E) Schematic representation of BioNT. (v) Imaging of localized and systemic arthritis with intravenously injected BioNT (n = 4) [76]. The images reproduced with the permission from American Chemical Society.