Table 2.

Family atmosphere and family functioning before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

	Mean [95% BCa CI]		Bootstrap P-value
	Before	After
Verbal violence, N (%) [95% bootstrap CI]	349 (72.3) [68.2, 76.3]	249 (51.3) [46.7, 56.0]	0.001
Physical violence, N (%) [95% bootstrap CI]	69 (14.3) [11.1, 17.4]	30 (6.2) [4.1, 8.4]	0.034
Perceived family happiness	8.19 [8.01, 8.36]	7.62 [7.43, 7.81]	<0.001
Family functioning index (SCORE-15)	2.22 [2.16, 2.28]	2.18 [2.12, 2.24]	0.007
Strength subscale	1.98 [1.93, 2.05]	1.94 [1.88, 2.01]	0.022
Difficulty subscale	2.40 [2.33, 2.48]	2.40 [2.31, 2.48]	0.783
Communication subscale	2.28 [2.22, 2.35]	2.20 [2.13, 2.27]	<0.001