Table 2.
Risk prediction models for postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fractures.
| Source | Variables | OR (95% CI) | Scores | AUC (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim et al. (2020) | Preoperative delirium | 8.32 (6.78–10.21) | 8 | Derivation cohorts: 0.77 (0.76–0.78); Validation cohorts: 0.77 (0.75–0.79) |
| Preoperative dementia | 2.38 (2.05–2.76) | 3 | ||
| Age | ||||
| 70–79 year | 1.60 (1.20–2.12) | 2 | ||
| 80–89 year | 2.09 (1.59–2.74) | 2 | ||
| ≥ 90 year | 2.43 (1.82–3.23) | 3 | ||
| Medical co-management | 1.43 (1.13–1.81) | 1 | ||
| ASA physical status III - V | 1.40 (1.14–1.73) | 1 | ||
| Functional dependence | 1.37 (1.17–1.61) | 1 | ||
| Smoking | 1.36 (1.07–1.72) | 1 | ||
| SIRS/sepsis/septic shock | 1.34 (1.09–1.65) | 1 | ||
| Preoperative use of mobility aid | 1.32 (1.14–1.52) | 1 | ||
| Oberai et al. (2021) | Age > 80 year | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 5 | Derivation cohorts: 0.742; Validation cohorts: 0.746 |
| Male gender | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 2 | ||
| Mobilization opportunity | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | 6 | ||
| Surgery delay | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 6 | ||
| Cognition not assessed | 1.5 (1.3–1.9) | 4 | ||
| Cognition impaired | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | 5 | ||
| Prior impaired cognition or known dementia | 3.90 (3.2–4.7) | 14 | ||
| Shen et al. (2022) | Preoperative delirium | 4.21 (3.25–9.14) | 4 | Derivation cohorts: 0.848 (0.72–0.90); Validation cohorts: 0.833 (0.68–0.89) |
| CVA with the modified Rankin scale | ||||
| ≥ 4 | 3.17 (1.16–5.06) | 3 | ||
| 2–3 | 2.25 (1.26–4.29) | 2 | ||
| Diabetes with random glucose level | ||||
| > 13 mmol/l | 2.43 (1.32–2.99) | 2 | ||
| 8–13 mmol/l | 1.36 (1.15–1.67) | 1 | ||
| CCI score | ||||
| ≥ 9 | 2.32 (1.69–4.83) | 2 | ||
| 6–8 | 1.29 (1.03–2.52) | 1 | ||
| Age | ||||
| ≥ 80 year | 1.87 (1.25–2.50) | 2 | ||
| 70–79 year | 1.11 (1.07–2.19) | 1 | ||
| Application of Benzodiazepines in surgery | 1.44 (1.24–3.17) | 1 | ||
| Surgical delay ≥ 2 days | 1.15 (1.13–1.28) | 1 | ||
| Creatine ≥ 90 μmol/l | 1.09 (1.02–1.13) | 1 | ||
| Active smoker | 1.05 (1.04–1.94) | 1 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AUC, area under the curve; ASA, American Society of Anaesthesiologists; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CCI, Carlson comorbidity index.