Table 2. Studies measuring serum levels of cytokines in other Th2 diseases.
| Diseases | Biomarkers | Brief results | Ref No. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma | Eosinophil count | Lower level correlates with effectiveness to steroids | (26,27) |
| Lower level correlates with effectiveness to biologics | (28-31) | ||
| Higher level correlates with rate of severe exacerbations | (32,33) | ||
| Higher level correlates with decline in lung function | (34) | ||
| IgE | Higher in severe asthma vs. less severe asthma | (26,35,36) | |
| ECP | Correlates with severity. Systematic review of 53 publications | (37) | |
| Higher in acute vs. stable asthma or healthy ctrl in children | (38) | ||
| Periostin | Higher in asthma vs. ctrl. Meta-analysis with 16 publications | (39) | |
| Biomarker for the prediction of lung function. Negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC in stable patients | (40-42) | ||
| TSLP | Higher in asthma vs. ctrl | (43) | |
| Higher in steroid resistant vs. steroid sensitive asthma | (44) | ||
| CRS | Eosinophil count | Higher in eosinophilic vs. noneosinophilic subgroups | (45-48) |
| Higher in pre-operative vs. post-operative eCRS | (49) | ||
| Higher in those who need long term systemic steroid or biologics post-operatively | (50) | ||
| EDN | Higher in eosinophilic vs. noneosinophilic subgroups | (51) | |
| ECP | Higher in eosinophilic vs. noneosinophilic subgroups | (51) | |
| Higher in CRS vs. healthy ctrl | (52) | ||
| Periostin | Higher in severe eCRS vs. less severe eCRS or ctrl | (53) | |
| Higher in eosinophilic vs. noneosinophilic subgroups | (48) | ||
| AD | TARC | Correlates with disease severity in 4 longitudinal and 16 cross-sectional studies | (54) |
| CTACK | Correlates with disease severity in 7 cross-sectional studies | (54) | |
| E-selectin | Correlates with disease severity in 4 longitudinal studies | (54) | |
| MCD | Correlates with disease severity in 5 cross-sectional and 2 longitudinal studies | (54) | |
| LDH | Correlates with disease severity in 4 cross-sectional studies. | (54) | |
| IL-18 | Correlates with severity in 6 cross-sectional studies and 1 longitudinal study | (54) | |
| TSLP | Higher in both atopic vs. non-atopic eczema vs. ctrl | (55) | |
| No differences in atopic vs. non-atopic eczema |
This table includes over 30 publications investigating serologic biomarker levels in other Th2 diseases (asthma, rhinosinusitis, and AD). The markers were able to predict presence of the disease, and/or the severity of the disease. For AD, references that analyze multiple previously published randomized control trials have been included. Th2, type 2 helper cell; IgE, immunoglobulin E; ECP, eosinophil cationic protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin; ctrl, control; CRS, chronic rhinosinusitis; END, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin; eCRS, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis; AD, atopic dermatitis; TARC, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine; CTACK, cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine; MCD, macrophage-derived chemokine; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; IL, interleukin.