Fig. 3.

PM2.5-CSE causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in Beas-2b cells. Beas-2b cells were exposed to PM2.5 (200 μg/mL) and CS (2.5%) respectively, or PM2.5 (200 μg/mL) combined with CS (2.5%). (A) Total ROS were measured. (B) Western blot analysis showed the expression levels of NOX4 and Nrf2. (C) Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to detected apoptotic cells by flow cytomety. (D–F) The expression levels of oxidants (MDA) and antioxidants (GSH/GSSG and SOD) were determined. (G) The mitochondrial ROS were determined by MitoSOX staining. (H) Mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by TMRM staining. (I and J) Western blot analysis showed the expression levels of Drp1, SIRT3, Cyto-c, AIF, Caspase-3, Bax and BCL2. The values were showed as the mean ± SD. (**p < 0.01).