Table 3.
Toxicity results using Microtox and related methodologies for some studied DESs.
| Entry | DES components | Organisms used for toxicity assay | Method | Conclusions | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ChCl:AA, ChCl:CA, ChCl:LA, ChCl:GA |
Allivibrio fischeri. | Microtox | DES toxicity > components. Toxicity determined HBD concentration. ChCl:AA < ChCl:LA < ChCl:GA < ChCl:CA |
[85] |
| 2 | ChCl:gly, ChCl:EG ChCl:PA ChCl:U ChCl:1-propanol ChCl:1,2-propanediol |
Allivibrio fischeri. | Microtox | ChCl:U and ChCl:1-propanol EC50 > components. All DESs showed an antagonistic effect with the exception ChCl:PA. |
[86] |
| 3 | [N1111]Cl:EG, [N1111]Cl:1-propanol, [N2222]Cl:EG, [N2222]Cl:1-propanol, [N3333]Cl:EG, [N3333]Cl:1-propanol, |
Allivibrio fischeri. | Microtox | Toxicity values [N1111]Cl-DES < [N2222]Cl-DES < [N3333]Cl-DES. Synergism for[N3333]Cl-DES and [N2222]Cl:EG |
[88] |
| 4 | ChCl:gly ChCl:EG ChCl:U ChCl:gly:H2O ChCl:EG:H2O ChCl:U:H2O |
Allivibrio fischeri Selenastrum capricornatum Daphnia magna |
Microtox, OECD test201 [91] OECD test202 [92] |
ChCl:U˃ ChCl:gly˃ ChCl:U:H2O˃ ChCl:EG˃ ChCl:EG:H2O˃ ChCl:gly:H2O for bacteria, ChCl:U:H2O˃ ChCl:EG:H2O˃ ChCl:gly:H2O˃ ChCl:gly˃ ChCl:U˃ ChCl:EG for algae ChCl:U˃ ChCl:U:H2O˃ ChCl:gly:H2O˃ ChCl:EG˃ ChCl:EG:H2O˃ ChCl:gly for crustaeans |
[90] |