Fig. 20.

Schematic illustration of exosome and composite nanovesicle delivery for the treatment of SCI. (A) Showing TEM presentation of MSC exosomes and its targeting delivery for PTEN siRNA to the lesion site. Tubulin staining presented regenerative corticospinal tract fibers after exosomes therapy. Copyright 2019 ACS Nano [20]. (B) Showing the fabrication of composite nanovesicles with IONP and their targeting delivery ability by magnetic field. The therapeutic effects were reflected by NF and GFAP immunofluorescence stainings at 28 days after injury. Copyright 2018, Nano Letters [172].