Table 2.

Unloaded exosomes for SCI treatment.

Name	Year	Origin	Admin	Mechanisms	Reference
BMSC-Exons	2021	BMSC	IVa	Regulate TLR4/myd88/NF-κB signal pathway; reduce apoptosis and inflammation	[149]
MSC-exo	2019	BMSC	IV	Down-regulate the phosphorylated NFκBP65 subunit; I nhibit A1 astrocytes activation	[145]
MSCs-exosomes	2017	BMSC	IV	Anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, promote angiogenesis	[144]
BMSC-Exons	2019	BMSC	IV	Inhibit inflammation, apoptosis, and scar formation promote axon	[40]
BMSC-Exons	2020	BMSC	IV	Promote autophagy; reduce neuronal apoptosis	[147]
BMSCs-Exo	2019	BMSC	IV	Inhibit the complement mRNA and the activation of NF-kb signaling pathway	[146]
BMSCs-Exos	2019	BMSC	IV	Activate Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway Inhibit cell apoptosis and reduce tissue damage	[148]
MSC-exosomes	2021	HPC	IV	Activate neural progenitor cells, promote regeneration	[41]
NSCs-Exons	2020	NSCs	IV	High expression of VEGF-A, improve spinal cord microvascular activity of endothelial cells (SCMEC)	[153]
HPC-exosomes	2020	HPC	IV	Promote angiogenesis	[151]
Exosomes	2019	Perictes	IV	Regulate endothelial cells, Protect bscb integrity, improve microcirculation	[155]

^aIV, intravenously injection.