Table 1.
Database summary of the analysis of 4 studies out of 48 selected studies
| Ag NP p-chem |
Experimental model and mode of exposure | Exposure dose, sampling time | Biological/toxicological Endpoints |
Actual measurements and methods | Result | Potential key event(s) (KE nr. from AOP-Wiki)a | Potential adverse outcomes (AOs) associated with the key event (AO nr. from AOP-Wikia | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Size: 50 nm Shape: Spherical Hydrodynamic size:113.4 ± 12.1 nm Zeta potential: − 12.30 ± 0.4 mV |
Adult male SD rats Oral gavage |
50 mg/kg bw, 3 months | Sperm Evaluation | Sperm Motility, Concentration, and Viability by eosin staining |
Increased sperm morphological abnormalities Decreased sperm concentrations motility and viability |
Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) |
Impaired fertility (ID330, ID406) |
[46] | |
| Oxidative Status | GSH level, CAT activity and lipid peroxidation MDA content in testicular tissue by commercial kits |
Decreased CAT activity, Increased MDA content, Non-significant change in GSH level |
Decreased protection against oxidative stress, Occurance oxidative stress (ID210, ID1112, ID1249, ID1538, ID1869) Lipid Peroxidation (ID1445 or ID1511) |
Oxidative Damage (ID356) |
|||||
| Hormonal Assessment | Serum testosterone, LH and FSH by ELISA kit | Decreased testosterone, LH and FSH levels |
Reduction, testosterone level (ID1613, ID1689, ID1612) Reduced, Gonadotropins (ID1986) |
Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | |||||
| DNA damage | DNA strand breaks in testicular tissue by COMET assay | Increased DNA damage | Increased DNA damage (ID1194) | DNA Damage (ID1194) | |||||
| Histopathological Examination | Testis and Seminiferous tubules by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining |
Testis and Seminiferous tubules Histological alterations Necrotic spermatogonial cells |
Testicular atrophy (ID1506) |
Male reproductive tract malformations (ID348) Reduced, Reproductive Success (ID675) |
|||||
|
Size:45 nm PVP (< 1%) Zeta potential: − 20 mV |
New Zealand White male rabbits Intravenous |
5 mM AgNP solution (0.6 mg/kg bw) 2 months (weekly) |
Sperm Evaluation | Sperm Volume, Concentration, and Viability | Decreased sperm motility, concentration and volume | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) |
Impaired fertility (ID330, ID406) |
[88] | |
| Oxidative Status | MDA content, NO concentration, CAT and GPX Activity in sperm and blood samples by commercial kits |
Increased NO, and MDA content Decreased CAT activity, and GSH level |
Decreased protection against oxidative stress, Occurence oxidative stress (ID210, ID1112, ID1249, ID1538, ID1869) Lipid Peroxidation (ID1445 or ID1511) |
Oxidative Damage (ID356) |
|||||
|
Size:40 nm Shape: Spherical |
Adult male NMRI mice Oral gavage |
500 mg/kg bw with a time interval of 24 h for 35 days | Oxidative Status | Total antioxidant capacity and Lipid peroxidation parameters | Decrease in the total antioxidant capacity, Increased MDA content |
Decreased protection against oxidative stress, Occurence oxidative stress (ID210, ID1112, ID1249, ID1538, ID1869) Lipid Peroxidation (ID1445 or ID1511) |
Oxidative Damage (ID356) |
[98] | |
| Hormonal Assessment | Serum testosterone level by comercial kits | Decreased testosterone hormone | Reduction, testosterone level (ID1613, ID1689, ID1612) | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | |||||
| Histological parameters | Testis, volume of interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules | Decreased mean volume of testicular tissue and volume of seminiferous tubules Decreased sperm density, mean number of spermatocytes, mean number of Sertoli cells | Testicular atrophy (ID1506) |
Male reproductive tract malformations (ID348) Reduced, Reproductive Success (ID675) |
|||||
|
Size:100 nm Shape: Spherical SSA: 7.5329m2/g Zeta potential: − 18.9 mV |
Male Rats Sub dermal |
10 and 50 mg/kg bw, 7 and 28 days | Sperm Evaluation | Sperm motility, velocity by HE staining | Decreased sperm motility and velocity | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | Impaired fertility | [47] | |
| Oxidative Status | MDA, GSH, CAT | Increased Lipid peroxidization, Decreased SOD, CAT, GSH and total thiols | Decreased protection against oxidative stress, Occurence oxidative stress (ID210, ID1112, ID1249, ID1538, ID1869) |
Oxidative Damage (ID356) |
|||||
| Hormonal Assessment | Testosterone, LH and FSH | Decreased testosterone, LH and FSH levels (dose dependent |
Reduction, testosterone level (ID1613, ID1689, ID1612) Reduced, Gonadotropins (ID1986) |
Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | |||||
| Histological parameters | Cellular achitecture of testes and epididymis | Degenerative alterations in the cellular architecture of testes and epididymis | Testicular atrophy (ID1506) |
Male reproductive tract malformations (ID348) Reduced, Reproductive Success (ID675) |
|||||
aAs several KEs and AOs are related to some of these cellular mechanisms, we indicate the title of only some of them, but the IDs of all of them are cited